We determine Mg abundances in six Gaia benchmark stars using theoretical one-dimensional (1D) hydrostatic model atmospheres, as well as temporally and spatially averaged three-dimensional (〈3D〉) model atmospheres. The stars cover a range of Teff from 4700 to 6500 K, log g from 1.6 to 4.4 dex, and [Fe H] from -3.0 dex to solar. Spectrum synthesis calculations are performed in local thermodynamic eq

From exploratory studies and theoretical expectations it is known that simplifying approximations in spectroscopic analysis (local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), 1D) lead to systematic biases of stellar parameters and abundances. These biases depend strongly on surface gravity, temperature and, in particular, for LTE versus non-LTE (NLTE), on metallicity of the stars. Here we analyze the [Mg/Fe]

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adiposity associate with increased risk of several cancers, but the impact of competing risk of noncancer deaths on these associations is not known. We prospectively examined participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study aged 44–73 years with no history of cancer at baseline (n = 26,953, 43% men). T2D was ascertained at baseline and during follow-up, and body mass index

War-traumatized refugee adolescents are a vulnerable and understudied group. This study of two different groups of war-traumatized youth (N = 77) resettled in Sweden (newly arrived refugee adolescents, n = 42, 13–19 years, and settled students with childhood war experiences, n = 35, 11–18 years) evaluated their war experiences, refugee journey, general trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptom

The objective of this chapter is to contribute to the understanding of the growth of this global data-driven market ecology, mainly in order to pinpoint important regulatory challenges, where individual choice and agency, as well as competition, seem undermined. Truly, this development holds many promises for new innovation, some more disruptive than others, but also poses challenges that in this

How termite mounds function to facilitate climate control is still only partially understood. Recent experimental evidence in the mounds of a single species, the south Asian termite Odontotermes obesus, suggests that the daily oscillations of radiant heating associated with diurnal insolation patterns drive convective flow within them. How general this mechanism is remains unknown. To probe this,

The delivery of immunomodulators directly into the tumor potentially harnesses the existing antigen, tumor-specific infiltrating lymphocytes, and antigen presenting cells. This can confer specificity and generate a potent systemic anti-tumor immune response with lower doses and less toxicity compared to systemic administration, in effect an in situ vaccine. Here, we test this concept using the nov

It is well known that the xylem of gymnosperm trees consists mainly of tracheids and that the dimensions of these cells change over the growth season in temperate regions. When looking at a micrograph of a cross section of a growth ring, it can be seen that early in the season tracheids have larger radial diameters and thin walls, while tracheids formed later in the growth season have smaller radi

It is a trivial fact that water is needed for decay of wood by brown rot fungi, but when this is looked at in more detail, there are several fundamental questions concerning water and decay that are not solved. The purpose of this study is to study how the wood-water interaction is changed during degradation of brown-rot fungi of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) grown at two different parts

Background: Neutrophils are traditionally considered transcriptionally inactive. Compared to other immune cells, little is known about their transcriptional profile during interaction with pathogens. Methods: We analyzed the meta-transcriptome of the neutrophil-Candida albicans interplay and the transcriptome of C. albicans challenged with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by RNA-Seq, consider

A case study is used in this paper to study and analyse drawbacks and advantages of three different numerical fire models when used to model horizontal and vertical gas temperature distributions in a 1200m 2 large enclosure. The three methods are: a CFD model, a two-zone mode l and a multi-layer zone model. This is the first time the three models are used and compared in a large enclosure situatio

Light-by-light scattering (γγ → γγ) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead ions. Using 480 μ1 of lead-lead collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by

Choosing a name for a child is part of the process of becoming a parent and is done with care and after careful consideration. For those who become parents through adoption, the question arises of how to deal with the fact that the child already has one or several names. Should the names be kept or changed or added on to? This article focus on how both adult international adoptees and adoptive par

Att silver har en bakteriedödande effekt har varit känt sedan många århundraden. Historien om silver sträcker sig ända tillbaka till 4000 år före Kristus då de antika Kaldeérna använde silver och det var på den tiden en av mest använda metallerna tillsammans med guld och koppar. Persiska kungar föredrog att dricka vatten endast från bägare gjorda av silver för att vattnet kunde bevaras friskt och Over the past decade, a massive increase in the use of nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) in both commercial and medical applications has occurred. Medical applications include advanced drug delivery vehicles, imaging and hyper thermic therapies. In retinal research, several nanomaterials have been explored in novel treatment approaches, ranging from metals, carbon, polymers and silica to biolo

BACKGROUND: Survival after lung transplantation (LTx) is often limited by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).METHOD: Survey of 278 recipients who underwent LTx. The endpoint used was BOS (BOS grade ≥ 2), death or Re-lung transplantation (Re-LTx) assessed by competing risk regression analyses.RESULTS: The incidence of BOS grade ≥ 2 among double LTx (DLTx) recipients was 16 ± 3% at 5 years, 30

Complex chemical processes require complex simulation models. Selecting decision variables for optimization is increasingly difficult. This paper presents a study of a Subset Selection Algorithm (SSA) applied to the selection of decision variables to facili-tate a reduction of the decision variable combination sets to consider for a process designer, aimed towards improving said selection, optimiz

Background: Odd-odd nuclei, around doubly closed shells, have been extensively used to study proton-neutron interactions. However, the evolution of these interactions as a function of the binding energy, ultimately when nuclei become unbound, is poorly known. The F26 nucleus, composed of a deeply bound π0d5/2 proton and an unbound ν0d3/2 neutron on top of an O24 core, is particularly adapted for t

Using Swedish firm-level data on all firms and their affiliates abroad, we investigate what observable firm and country characteristics affect the size of an affiliate in a particular destination. We employ the richness of the data to investigate the importance of destination country factors in explaining firm outward FDI activities and distinguish between the factors that affect such activities i