This article discusses the currently used methodologies for monitoring exocytosis as changes in cell capacitance. Details are given on composition of solutions, experimental protocols, and how the observed responses can be interpreted physiologically. The concepts are illustrated by examples from our own work on insulin-releasing pancreatic P-cells. Finally, we consider the feasibility of applying

In precision hard turning, a remaining problem is to minimise tool wear to maintain the accuracy of geometry and surface finish. Tool wear not only directly reduces the part geometry accuracy but also increases cutting forces drastically. The change in the cutting forces also causes instability in the tool motion, which results in more inaccuracy. PCBN cutting tools are often used in hard turning.

The impeller speed, the loss-on-drying of starch, and the added amount of water significantly influenced these response variables: granule fractions of less than 0.150 mm and more than 2.00 mm; and granule median diameter. The influence of the drug concentration on the response variables was less important. All the response variables showed significant interactions. At a fixed impeller speed, the

The short-term evolutionary effect of pheromone-based mating disruption on the mating ability of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, was investigated. Three independent selection lines were established, and the mating ability of moths in plastic tents treated with high doses of pheromone and in control tents was compared for two consecutive generations. In addition, the heritability of th

O-Acetyl-galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) is the major soft-wood hemicellulose. Structurally modified AcGGM and hydrogels of AcGGM were prepared. The degree of substitution (DS) of AcGGM was modified enzymatically with alpha-galactosidase, and chemically with an acrylate derivative, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA). The hydrolysis of AcGGM with beta-mannanase was shown to increase with decreasing DS. A

Cytogenetic investigation of short-term cultures from a bizarre leiomyoma of the uterus, a tumor type not hitherto karyotypically characterized, revealed two abnormal clones with multiple complex rearrangements. Three-fourths of the aberrant cells were hypodiploid with the composite karyotype 38-44, XX,-6,-7,-10,-11,+20,-22, r(1), der(2) (:2p23cen2q13::1q211qter), der(2)t(2;9)(p21;q13), t(5;?)(q35

The effects of atmospheric processing on soot particle morphology were studied in the laboratory using the Differential Mobility Analyzer-Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer (DMA-APM) and the DMA-DMA (Tandem DMA) techniques. To simulate atmospheric processing, combustion soot agglomerates were altered by sulphuric acid vapor condensation, relative humidity (RH) cycling, and evaporation of the sulphuric

BACKGROUND. The aim was to study the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and outcome of liposarcoma in an unselected, population-based patient sample, and to establish whether treatment was according to the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) treatment guidelines. METHODS. The SSG Pathology Board reviewed 319 liposarcoma cases reported between 1986 and 1998. After the review, 237 patients

PURPOSE: Hypoxia is considered to be a major driving force behind tumor angiogenesis. The stabilization and activation at hypoxia of the hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha and the concomitant induction of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other proangiogenic factors provide a molecular frame for hypoxia-driven tumor angiogenesis. This study has investigat

Economic optimization of the production of ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) requires knowledge about the influence of substrate and enzyme concentration on yield and productivity. Although SSF has been investigated extensively, the optimal conditions for SSF of softwoods have yet not been determined. In this study, SO2-impregnated and steam-pretreated spruce was used

This article presents a systematic and extensive empirical study on the presence of Markov switching dynamics in three dollar-based exchange rates. A Monte Carlo approach is adopted to circumvent the statistical inference problem inherent to the test of regime-switching behavior. Two data frequencies, two sample periods, and various specifications are considered. Quarterly data yield inconclusive

Membrane distillation is a process in which, for example, water in a heated salt solution, evaporates through a porous membrane. The vapour condenses on a coolant surface on the other side of the membrane. The two liquid streams, the salt solution and the condensate, are separated by a highly porous hydrophobic membrane. Surface tension forces withhold liquids from the pores and prevent contact be

Female reproductive success in the unisexual perennial clonal moss Hylocomium splendens was examined by recording, if the segment was reproductive [produced sporophyte(s)] or not, together with several distance-to-male and male density variables, and segment size. This was done for every female segment in a population over a 5 year study period. A high fraction of the population could be sexed bec

High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from samples located in inhomogeneous static and radio frequency magnetic fields can be obtained by applying a train of z-rotation radio frequency pulses to repeatedly refocus the inhomogeneous broadening during signal detection. z-rotation pulses based on an adiabatic double passage are effective over wide bandwidths using a limited amount of rad

To analyze complex and noncomplex cardiac malformations regarding prevalence and in relation to demographic variables, we pooled data on infants (age I year or younger) with congenital cardiovascular defects from three large birth defect registries in California, Sweden, and France. Altogether. 12.932 infants had one or more congenital heart defects out of 4.4 million live births and stillbirths.