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According to Austrian Business Cycle Theory a policy-induced lowering of the short policy interest rate below an unobservable natural interest rate can lead to an unsustainable boom in the economy, resulting in misallocated capital. As the unsustainability of this boom eventually becomes apparent and corrected the misallocated capital gets liquidated and causes a recession. It is thus of interest
The alternative dispute resolution (the “ADR”) is an alternative dispute settlement procedure. It pursues the main objective to resolve the disputes arising between the parties to a contract in an amicable way with the aid of independent professionals or so-called neutrals. Nowadays the role of ADR is becoming more and more important, and the number of agreements containing ADR clauses is constant
This essay explores to what extent enterprises can be held responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights. To this end two lines of analysis have been used. First the essay compares the language used in three key documents on corporate social responsibilities with the language in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the two International Covenants on Human Rights (196
The purpose of this study is to examine how the voluntary disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility in annual reports affects the stock prices of corporations listed on the OMX Nordic Exchange. A quantitative method, with qualitative elements, is applied. The quantitative method is used to measure how CSR reporting affects stock prices, while the qualitative element is highlighted when ranking
Recent advances in human brain imaging techniques have shown that it is possible to correctly identify thoughts associated with specific categorises of conceptual knowledge. A semantic space is created through word clustering from a corpus and cross-referenced with words read during a natural reading task while at the same time recording EEG. These results show that it is possible to correctly clas
Varumärkesförfalskning är idag ett allmänt förekommande problem. Utbredningen av förfalskade varor riskerar att minska incitamenten att investera och bygga upp varumärken, på samma sätt som incitamenten att investera i och utveckla läkemedel skulle minska om möjligheten till patent försvagades. Varumärkesförfalskning är ett problem för både konsumenter och näringsidkare. Konsumenterna riskerar attCounterfeiting in gods is a fast growing issue affecting both consumers and businesses worldwide. Consumers might mistake a fake with the original product and traders threaten to weaken their brands and the sale is lost in favour of the counterfeit gods. In the long run the expansion of counterfeiting gods might lead to less incentives for businesses to invest and develop trademarks. From the firs
Nowadays, most ship acquisition transactions are performed through the finance instruments, such as loan agreements. Whereas parties to this ship finance contracts, from one side, usually, is ship owner as borrower, and, from other side might be, financial institution, as lender – such as banks, funds or private companies. Thus, whatever principal amount of the loan would be finally agreed the len
Under första världkriget brevväxlade den franske poeten Guillaume Apollinaire med två kvinnor: Geneviève-Marguerite-Marie-Louise de Pillot de Coligny-Châtillon, av Apollinaire rätt och slätt kallad "Lou" och Madeleine Pagès. Uppsatsen analyserar breven från Apollinaire.
Winter transportation is equally important as the summer transportation, or even more meaningful for countries, which are affected by the winter conditions. In this perspective, the focus of this paper is in the Baltic Sea, which is a sea, where some of its areas are frozen every year. During winter times, vessels may face heavy ice conditions and extreme weathers when navigating through ice fiel
This essay looks at the concept of The Responsibility to Protect as a principle and examines under what circumstances and by whom the R2P can be transferred into a transnational norm. Focus in this essay lies on the work of three regional organizations; The African Union, The European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, who have embraced the principles of R2P. The essay further exami
By ratifying the ILO Conventions on freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining (Nos. 87 and 98) member states undertake the obligation to bring national legislation and practice into full compliance with these international labour instruments. However, the question is whether the countries actually implement their international commitments. This comparative paper studies the e
Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka återförsäljares uppsägningsskydd och rätt till ersättning vid avtalets upphörande. För ett företag som önskar etablera sig på en ny marknad gäller det att välja rätt exploateringsmetod. Ett alternativ är då att utse en representant som säljer produkten på den nya marknaden. En lokal representant som känner till marknaden och eventuellt redan har ett etablerat försThe purpose of this essay is to examine the retailer’s dismissal protection and the right to compensation for termination of contract. For a company who wishes to establish themselves in a new market it is important to choose the right development approach. An alternative is then to appoint a representative who sells the product in the new market. A local representative who knows the market and po
The thesis examines the situation of Third Country Nationals who have familial links to a ‘returning’ Community citizen. The thesis analyses Danish Immigration law, Community free movement provisions, and the case law of the Court suggesting that the application of National law is ‘dying’ due to the Court’s interpretation of ‘abuse’ and gradual elimination of the ‘wholly internal situations’. The
Klimatförändringar har amplifierats sedan den industriella revolutionen och modeller pekar på att förändringen kommer forsätta att öka åtminstone till slutet av detta århundrande. Globala temperaturer och nederbörd förväntas öka avsevärt under detta århundrade. Dessa ökningar förväntas bli särskilt markanta i de arktiska områdena. Torvmyrar belägna på höga latituder vid 0ºC isothermen, såsom StorfThe rate of change of our climate has been amplified since the industrial revolution and is expected to change even further by the end of this century. Global temperature and precipitation are expected to increase considerably over the next century. These increases are expected to be magnified in the Arctic regions. In a high latitude peatland like Storflaket, near Abisko (Northern Sweden), at the
Swedish labor law is essentially based on the notion that the social partners will regulate working conditions. In view of this, a special practice on unfairness assessments of collective agreements has emerged. It is felt that collective agreements should be more difficult to amend in Court than other types of agreements. Since 1995 however, Sweden is obliged to apply EU law, and not to take acti
Avskogning är ett globalt problem och har många negativa effekter. Det största hotet mot skogen är dessvärre människan. Trots ökade satsningar på hållbar skogshantering och skogsvård så fortsätter avverkningen av skog i snabb takt världen över, för att ge plats åt andra typer av markanvändning så som jordbruks- och betesmark. Världens population fortsätter att öka och Afrika är den kontinent med sDeforestation is a widespread problem and has many negative impacts. The biggest threat to forest is human activities. Despite increasing efforts regarding forest management and forest conservation, the deforestation continues at a high rate to give space for other land uses such as agriculture and pasture. The world’s population continues to grow and Africa is the continent with fastest growing p
Extreme events are believed to become frequent, intense and long lasting with climate change. An example of such extreme event is the record breaking summer 2003 heat wave. The 2003 heat wave, accompanied by drought conditions, had severe impacts on the European terrestrial ecosystems. In this study we have used an ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS to investigate how the carbon balance of Europe was affec
Chain of Custody on timber refers to the chronological documentation throughout the value chain, from forest to consumer. For a construction company, who engages within Social Responsible Purchasing, it is important to know where purchased material origins from. Timber is especially important in this matter, since the problem with illegal logging is widespread and causes environmental damage, conf
This thesis focuses on the Spelman College incident that took place in Atlanta, Georgia in 2004. The rapper Nelly intended to have a bone marrow drive at the historically black female college, but cancelled it when the students urged him to take part in a forum discussing the misogyny and sexual objectification of black women in the rapper’s music video Tip Drill. The purpose of the study is to m
Att fotograferas av en annan, utan att ha givit sitt samtycke till detta, kan upplevas som mycket kränkande, särskilt om fotograferingen sker i smyg i privata situationer som man inte önskar dela med sig av till utomstående. Idag finns dock ingen direkt kriminalisering av olovlig fotografering i svensk rätt. Till följd av detta finns det därför även få möjligheter att begära kränkningsersättning fTo be photographed by another, without consent, can feel like a very serious violation of one’s personal integrity, especially if the photography is hidden and depicts private situations which one does not wish to share with others. In Swedish law today, there is no general criminalization of non-consensual photography. As a result there are very limited possibilities of receiving non-pecuniary da
