In this paper, a proof of time-dependent behavior of heat flux into a cutting tool is built. Its implementation calls for a new method for estimating heat flux, which was developed using an inverse problem technique. A special experimental setup was designed and manufactured to implement the method. A series of dry machining experiments were conducted with high speed steel and cemented carbide too

This paper presents new findings about the passive film formed on super duplex stainless steel in ambient air and corrosive environments, studied by synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The passive film, formed in air, was seen to be a nano-crystalline mixed-oxide. Electrochemical polarisation to the passive region in aqueous 1 M NaCl at room temperature resulted in an increase

Great Snipes Gallinago media spend about eight months per year in sub-Saharan Africa, but most aspects of their non-breeding ecology are poorly known. We analysed the seasonal pattern of appearance, flight feather moult (primaries and secondaries), and body mass in relation to age and sex, based on 3,247 birds collected by hunters in 1990–2000 in Benin, Gabon, Cameroon and the Democratic Republic

Stochastic Ray tracing is one of the most widely used geometric acoustic algorithms, and excels primarily for modelling the late room response in high frequencies. A significant bottleneck of the algorithm is the high computational cost of testing rays for intersection with geometry, and the high amount of rays required for convergence. Several methods exist to reduce this cost by means of reducin

The stadion of Labraunda is situated south-west of the sanctuary, above the Sacred Way down to Mylasa. As the terrain is not well suited for a stadion the ends had to be elongated by the addition of built-up 'towers'; nevertheless the racecourse was rather short at 172 metres. It is situated on a slight slope, and in the middle of the northern side there are cuttings in the rock that may have been

Background: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new

Scientific advance and innovation are major sources of economic growth and are crucial for making development socially and environmentally sustainable. A critical question is: Will private enterprises invest sufficiently in research technological development and innovation and, if not, to what degree and how should governments engage in the support of science, technology, and innovation? While neo

During a meeting held in Trento, Italy in March 2017, and organised by the COST Action CHIP ME (IS1303) to discuss about ELSI of genome-editing, many different positions emerged on the possibility to intervene on reproduction and especially on the human embryo. At the time, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics had commissioned a background paper on genome editing, and the corresponding Working Group

Potential applications of genome editing in assisted reproductive technology (ART) raise a vast array of strong opinions, emotional reactions and divergent perceptions. Acknowledging the need for caution and respecting such reactions, we observe that at least some are based on either a misunderstanding of the science or misconceptions about the content and flexibility of the existing legal framewo