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Background: Prostate cancer screening depends on a careful balance of benefits, in terms of reduced prostate cancer mortality, and harms, in terms of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. We aimed to estimate the effect on overdiagnosis of restricting prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing by age and baseline PSA. Methods: Estimates of the effects of age on overdiagnosis were based on population based
We report on the fabrication of a self-aligned regrown In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and a resonant tunneling diode (RTD). The performance of these devices is demonstrated by integrating them in parallel with an inductive coplanar waveguide stub to form a highly energy-efficient 70-GHz wavelet generator. The fast switching and low on-resistance of the MO
A theoretical scheme is presented to calculate non-linear optical spectra of molecules in solution. Starting with electronic structure calculations of the ground and excited state, a subset of vibrational coordinates exhibiting the largest Huang-Rhys factors is assigned. It is used to set up a model Hamiltonian for density matrix multi configurational time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) calculations. T
Cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is often thought to be governed by apoptosis; however, an increasing body of evidence suggests the involvement of alternative cell death mechanisms in neuronal degeneration. We studied retinal neurodegeneration using 10 different animal models, covering all major groups of hereditary human blindness (rd1, rd2, rd10, Cngb1 KO, Rho KO, S334ter, P23H, Cnga3 KO
Popular Abstract in English In earlier times, patients suffering from mental illness were nursed in large psychiatric institutions, often experiencing extended, sometimes life-long, institutionalization. These institutions were responsible for the patients during the entire course of their lives and provided housing as well as activities along with the care. The patients’ social contacts were mainThe overall aim of this thesis is to 1) investigate the prevalence of stigmatizing experiences and beliefs of devaluation and discrimination among persons with mental illness, and 2) to investigate the relationship between beliefs of devalua¬tion/¬discrimination, rejection experiences and sociodemographic/clinical patient characteristics, social networks, self esteem, empowerment and subjective qu
This paper presents a new framework for solving geometric structure and motion problems based on the L-infinity-norm. Instead of using the common sum-of-squares cost function, that is, the L-2-norm, the model-fitting errors are measured using the L-infinity-norm. Unlike traditional methods based on L-2, our framework allows for the efficient computation of global estimates. We show that a variety
We previously reported a disease segregating causal germline mutation in a melanoma family and recurrent somatic mutations in metastasized tumours from unrelated patients in the core promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. Here we show that the TERT promoter mutations, besides causing an increased gene expression, associate with increased patient age, increased Breslow
Novel DNA-chitosan particles were prepared based on associative phase separation and interfacial diffusion. These particles formed at water/water emulsion type interfaces were characterized with respect to several properties including stability, DNA conformational state, and entrapment and release of DNA. In particular it was found that the chitosan molecular weight is a good controlling parameter
Abstract This dissertation examines the function of metaphor and simile in Cicero’s dialogue De senectute. For this purpose, it employs Lakoff-Johnsonian metaphor theory and compares the metaphorical concepts that the scholars of that tradition have found in English with the metaphors found in Cicero’s text. Many languages are being investigated today by scholars who use this theory, and differen
Theory predicts that variability in size and the shape of a morphological trait should often be stable both at the intra- and interspecific level. We studied variation in beak integration among several populations of two species of the genus Passer, a hybrid species, the Italian sparrow (Passer italiae) and one of its parents, the Spanish sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis). We show that the general s
Non-patients attributing annoyance to either smells (smell annoyed; SA, n= 29) or electrical equipment (electrically annoyed; EA, n= 17), or both (generally annoyed; GA, n= 38), were monitored for 2 weeks through daily self-ratings of arousal (stress), sleep disturbances, health complaints, worry about hypersensitivity reactions, avoidance behaviors, and attributions of health complaints to electr
Many animals rely on a sun compass for spatial orientation and long-range navigation. In addition to the Sun, insects also exploit the polarization pattern and chromatic gradient of the sky for estimating navigational directions. Analysis of polarization-vision pathways in locusts and crickets has shed first light on brain areas involved in sky compass orientation. Detection of sky polarization re
We extend earlier work on leading logarithms in the massive nonlinear O(n) sigma model to the case of SU(N) x SU(N)/SU(N) which coincides with mesonic Chiral Perturbation Theory for N flavours of light quarks. We discuss the leading logarithms for the mass and decay constant to six loops and for the vacuum expectation value ((q) over barq) to seven loops. For dynamical quantities the expressions g
Four high-spin collective bands have been populated in Er-154(68)86 via the Pd-110(Ti-48, (4)n gamma)Er-154 reaction. Average transition quadrupole moments Q(t) have been measured for three of the bands by using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The strongest band has a value of Q(t) = 11.0 +/- 1.0 e b, similar to values found recently for four triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands in Er-157,
Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) is a reactive, low molecular weight chemical used in products such as plastics, paints, and electronic components. Exposure to MHHPA may lead to work-related airway diseases such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Twelve subjects employed at a plant manufacturing electrical capacitors using MHHPA were included in this study. Nasal lavages were collec
Aims. "Earthshine" is the dim light seen on the otherwise dark side of the Moon, particularly when it is close to new. "Earthlight", or reflected sunlight from the Earth, is the source of Earthshine. Using B and V band CCD images of both the dark and bright sides of the Moon, we aim to estimate the Johnson photometry B V colour of the Earthshine for the first time since the late 1960s. From these
In recent times, trilayer graphene has attracted wide attention owing to its stacking and electric-field-dependent electronic properties. However, a direct and well-resolved experimental visualization of its band structure has not yet been reported. In this paper, we present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data which show with high resolution the electronic band structure of trilayer gra
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vad är en familj, vilka kan bilda en familj och vem bestämmer det? Hur ser föreställningarna kring den ideala familjen ut? Och varför anses det viktigt att ha kännedom om sitt ursprung och att tillhöra en familj, en släkt eller en nation? I denna avhandling undersöks den svenska familjepolitiken kring internationella adoptioner och assisterad befruktning. UndersökningenThe purpose of this thesis is to study the norms and values surrounding the family and the nation-state in Swedish family policy as they appear in Official Government Reports (SOU) on international adoption and assisted reproductive technology (ART) between 1953 and 2007. I argue that the committees’ reports can be viewed as normative statements constituting a hegemonic state discourse. The method
Popular Abstract in English Uganda is one of the youngest nations in the world. Majority of youth in Uganda are growing up in rapidly urbanizing and globalized environments that are characterized by changing social controls and breakdown of traditional norms. However, the youth still continue to face widespread poverty, high levels of unemployment, and have limited access to educational opportunitThe growing incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among young people, particularly HIV, is a public health concern in Uganda. There is increasing evidence that Ugandan youth engage in risky sexual behaviors, transactional sex, and experience sexual coercion. Most research on sexual behaviors has been limited to inter- and intra-personal factors that influence sexual behaviors
Abstract The bacterial diversity associated with soil nematodes and its relationship with their feeding habits are as yet poorly understood. In the present study the diversity and abundance of bacteria from nematodes and their surrounding soil were analysed and compared. The nematodes were collected from a grassland soil and sorted into bacterial, fungal, plant, predatory and omnivore feeding grou
