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For another year, high-quality research studies from around the world transformed the annual ERS International Congress into a vivid platform to discuss trending research topics, to produce new research questions and to further push the boundaries of respiratory medicine and science. This article reviews only some of the high-quality research studies on asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas
Grafts of Embryonic Day 14-15 basal forebrain tissue (medial septal/diagonal band nuclei) were transplanted into an aspirative fimbria-fornix cavity or the hippocampus of young adult rats. After extended periods of survival (1 and 2 years) the grafts were examined with immunocytochemical probes to identify specific types of neurons and assess the (spatial) distribution of the phosphorylated heavy
In the present study the microdialysis technique has been used as a tool for the study of functional regulation of intracerebrally grafted cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons as well as for the analysis of graft-host interactions. Fetal noradrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic neurons were transplanted into the hippocampus or striatum previously denervated of their intrinsic mo
Previous studies in the rat have shown that a serotonergic depletion greatly potentiates the learning and memory impairments produced by pharmacological or lesion-induced cholinergic blockade in the forebrain. The impairment produced by combined serotonergic-cholinergic lesions is reminiscent of that seen in memory-impaired aged rats. In the present experiment, we investigated whether grafts of ch
The activity of intrahippocampal transplants of cholinergic neurons was monitored by microdialysis in awake, freely moving rats. Fetal septal-diagonal band tissue was implanted into rats with a complete transection of the fimbria-fornix cholinergic pathway either as a cell suspension injected into the hippocampus or as a solid graft implanted in the lesion cavity. The grafts restored baseline acet
The present experiment was performed to determine whether different types of grafted central cholinergic neurons are able to form synaptic contacts with host hippocampal neurons. Grafts from the septal-diagonal band area, which contain the neurons that normally innervate the hippocampal formation, were compared to those from the nucleus basalis magnocellularis region (NBM), the striatum, the ponto
Changes in extracellular levels of acetylcholine and choline in the hippocampal formation were measured using intracerebral microdialysis coupled to high performance liquid chromatography with post-column enzyme reaction and electrochemical detection. Various pharmacological and physiological manipulations were applied to awake unrestrained normal rats and rats subjected to a cholinergic denervati
Subcortical deafferentation of the hippocampal formation is known to induce profound behavioural deficits. Transplants of fetal septal or brainstem tissue are capable of restoring some aspects of normal physiological and behavioural function in subcortically deafferented (i.e. fimbria-fornix or septal lesioned) rats. Such grafts have been shown to re-establish extensive new afferent inputs to the
A thermodynamically consistent model for multiphase flow in swelling cellulose based material is adopted. The material is decomposed into a fiber phase, a gas phase and an inter-fiber water phase, where the fiber phase consists of a fiber water and a dry fiber constituent and the gas phase is an ideal gas mixture of water vapor and dry air. The model is derived within mixture theory and includes l
The purpose of the present experiments was to study the effects of a combined cholinergic and serotonergic denervation of the rat forebrain on spatial learning using the Morris water maze task. Experiment 1 compared the acute effects of a radiofrequency lesion of the septum, an intraventricular 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) lesion, and a combined septal plus 5,7-DHT lesion. Although the 5,7-DH
Grafts of five different types of central cholinergic neurons, from the septal-diagonal band region, the nucleus basalis magnocellularis region (NBM), the striatum, the pontomesencephalic tegmentum of the brainstem, and the spinal cord, were compared with respect to their ability to grow and to reinnervate the cholinergically denervated hippocampal formation of adult rats. The areas were dissected
Electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of neurons within solid basal forebrain transplants were studied in adult rats anesthetized with urethane. No specific topography of the neurons recorded was observed within the graft. The mean spontaneous activity of the grafted neurons (GNs) was relatively low (4.9 impulses/s) but not unlike that of other central neurons in situ. A large propor
The ability of intrahippocampal grafts of fetal septal-diagonal band tissue, rich in developing cholinergic neurons, to ameliorate cognitive impairments induced by bilateral fimbria-fornix transections in rats was examined in three experiments using the Morris water-maze to test different aspects of spatial memory. Experiment 1. Rats with fimbriafornix lesions received either septal cell suspensio
A group of aged, behaviorally impaired rats received suspension grafts of fetal septal-diagonal band tissue into the otherwise intact hippocampal formation. Three months after grafting, behaviorally recovered rats were studied by immunocytochemistry by using monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and electron microscopy. The innervation of the host dentate gyrus by graft-derived
The ventral mesencephalon, containing the developing dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental region, was obtained from aborted human fetuses of 9-19 weeks of gestation. The tissue was grafted into the striatum of rats previously subjected to a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the mesostriatal dopamine pathway. The graft recipients were immunosuppressed by daily injections of Cycl
The survival and function of cross-species (mouse-to-rat) grafts of fetal mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons, implanted as a cell suspension in the striatum of rats with lesions of the mesostriatal DA system, have been studied in animals with and without immunosuppression induced by Cyclosporin A (CyA). At 6 weeks after grafting 3 out of 7 non-CyA treated animals showed some degree of graft survi
