This thesis consists of three papers that study individual preferences. The focus of the first two papers is on time preferences. In the third paper, preferences regarding how inequality in health and income should be defined are elicited.In the first paper, we study the long-term stability of survey-based subjective time preferences using a Dutch household survey panel. We find that while the ind

The two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of β-carotene (beta-carotene) in chloroform solution were investigated over the 590-790 nm wavelength range. The TPA was characterized using the open-aperture z-scan technique with picosecond pulses provided by a widely traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier (OPA) pumped with a Ti:sapphire laser amplifier. We found the 0.2-1 cm/GW values of two photo

Attempts to measure the capitalization of local taxes into property prices, starting with Oates (1969), have suffered from a lack of local public service controls. We revisit this vast literature with a novel dataset of 947 time-varying local characteristic and public service controls for all municipalities in Sweden over the 2010-2016 period. To make use of the high dimensional vector of controls

Digital work has become part of social workers’ daily routines in countries where digitalisation is on the agenda. As a consequence, documentation practices are expanding—on paper as well as digitally—and include reporting detailed statistics about client interventions, filling in digital forms, and fulfilling local and national performance measurement goals. Standardised formulas with tick-box an

Femtosecond spectroscopy is an important tool used for tracking rapid photoinduced processes in a variety of materials. To spatially map the processes in a sample would substantially expand the method’s capabilities. This is, however, difficult to achieve, due to the necessity of using low-noise detection and maintaining feasible data acquisition time. Here, we demonstrate realization of an imagin

Arguably among the most globally impactful climate changes in Earth's past million years are the glacial terminations that punctuated the Pleistocene epoch. With the acquisition and analysis of marine and continental records, including ice cores, it is now clear that the Earth's climate was responding profoundly to changes in greenhouse gases that accompanied those glacial terminations. But the u

Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) is a depalmitoylation enzyme that is mutated in cases of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). The hallmarks of the disease include progressive neurodegeneration and blindness, as well as seizures. In the current study, we identified 62 high-confident PPT1-binding proteins. These proteins included a self-interaction of PPT1, two V-type ATPases, calcium volta

Beside its classical role as a serum effector system of innate immunity, evidence is accumulating that complement has an intracellular repertoire of components that provides not only immune defense, but also functions to maintain cellular homeostasis. While complement proteins, mainly the central component C3, have been detected in B cells, their exact function and source remain largely unexplored

In the Bunkeflo project, one elementary school increased duration of school physical activity (PA) to 200 minutes/week while 3 control schools continued with 60 minutes/week throughout the nine elementary school years. We then registered fractures in 3534 children, and evaluated the duration of PA, bone mass and muscle strength in a subsample (n=140) during the intervention and 3 years after. The

Background: Liver cirrhosis is characterized by a silent phase until decompensation, which is defined by ascites, bleeding from esophageal varices or hepatic encephalopathy. Aim: We compare the clinical course, patterns of survival and causes of death by etiology during long-term follow-up in a large population-based cohort of patients with incident cirrhosis. Material and methods: We used populat

To investigate how manufacturing errors affect the gear set, a method is developed to calculate the contact stress of a gear set with pitch and involute incline errors. The method is parametric, and a hybrid model is used to model the gear stiffness. Contact outside the line of action is considered.A numerical example is used to show how manufacturing errors can change the contact pressure and cau

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to analyse patterns of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data for associations with large for gestational age (LGA) infants and an adverse neonatal composite outcome (NCO) in pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This was an observational cohort study of 186 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. The interstitial glucose readings f

Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial extracellular matrix results in malondialdehyde (MDA)-modifications of surrounding matrix proteins. We have recently demonstrated an association between high levels of autoantibodies against MDA-modified collagen type IV and risk for development of myocardial infarction. Collagen type IV is an important component of the endothelial baseme

Retention of 18 F-Flortaucipir is reportedly increased in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), which is dominated by TDP-43 pathology. However, it is unclear if 18 F-Flortaucipir is also increased in other TDP-43 diseases, such as bvFTD caused by a C9orf72 gene mutation. We therefore recruited six C9orf72 expansion carriers, six svPPA patients, and 54 healthy controls. A

There is a need for methods that distinguish Parkinson’s disease (PD) from progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which have similar characteristics in the early stages of the disease. In this prospective study, we evaluate mapping of apparent susceptibility based on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) for differential diagnosis. We included 134 patients with PD,

Nutrient iron sequestration is the most significant form of nutritional immunity and causes bacterial pathogens to evolve strategies of host iron scavenging. Cigarette smoking contains iron particulates altering lung and systemic iron homeostasis, which may enhance colonization in the lungs of patients suffering chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by opportunistic pathogens such as nontyp