This paper describes the design of a robust PID controller for propofol infusion in children and presents the results of clinical evaluation of this closed-loop system during endoscopic investigations in children age 6y-17y. The controller design is based on a set of models that describes the inter- patient variability in the response to propofol infusion in the study population. The PID controlle

This article investigates the relation between conceptions of status and processes of militarization of peasants in the medieval and early-modern society. In an initial overview we see how many revolts in western Europe in late middle ages were connected to an increased military participation of peasant groups. After 1500 similar processes can be found in the east european frontier regions. Econom

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We report trends of stroke incidence and survival up to year 2001/2002 in Lund-Orup, Sweden, and projections of future stroke incidence in Sweden. METHODS: Lund Stroke Register, a prospective population-based study, included all first-ever stroke patients, between March 1, 2001 and February 28, 2002, in the Lund-Orup health care district. Institution-based studies for 1983

The charge state of proteins in solution is a key biophysical parameter that modulates both long and short range macromolecular interactions. However, unlike in the case of many small molecules, the effective charges of complex biomolecules in solution cannot in general be predicted reliably from their chemical structures alone. Here we present an approach for quantifying the effective charges of

The cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C inhibited RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophage cultures, an effect associated with decreased mRNA expression of Acp5, Calcr, Ctsk, Mmp9, Itgb3, and Atp6i, without effect on proliferation or apoptosis. The effects were concentration dependent with half-maximal inhibition at 0.3 M. Cystatin C also inhibited osteoclast form

Although Cloud Sourcing has been around for some time it could be questioned what actually is known about it. This paper presents a literature review on the specific question if Cloud Sourcing could be seen as the next generation of outsourcing. The reason for doing this is that from an initial sourcing study we found that the sourcing decisions seems to go in the direction of outsourcing as a ser

Four unconjugated diimine palladium complexes have been synthesized, and spectroscopically and structurally characterized. All four palladium complexes were used as catalysts in the Heck coupling reaction between iodobenzene and methyl acrylate or butyl acrylate with very good conversion to either methyl (2E)-3-phenylacrylate or butyl (2E)-3-phenylacrylate.

Can a climate-triggered export of old contaminants from the soil alter the lead (Pb) contaminant burden of subarctic lakes? To address this question, we reconstructed the pollution history of three high latitude lakes situated in a region where a recent climatic shift has occurred. Dated sediment records were used as archives of past Pb inputs to the lakes, where the difference in the (206)Pb/(207

Context. To use the data in the future Gaia catalogue it is important to have accurate estimates of the statistical uncertainties and correlations of the errors in the astrometric data given in the catalogue. Aims. In a previous paper we derived a mathematical model for computing the covariances of the astrometric data based on series expansions and a simplified attitude description. The aim of th

The associations between floristic and palynological richness and landscape structure were studied based on modern pollen-vegetation data from a patchy cultural landscape in southern Estonia (northern temperate vegetation zone). Nine study sites (small lakes and their surrounding vegetation) represent land cover gradient from closed forest to semi-open vegetation. Floristic richness (number of spe

We analysed satellite tracking data to reveal the daily travel schedules of Hobbies Falco subbuteo migrating between northern Europe and southern Africa. By comparing movements during short-time intervals of 1-8 h at different times of the day between the three different regions Europe, Sahara Desert and tropical Africa, we found significant higher hourly speeds in the Sahara compared to the other

The purpose of this overview paper, which can be viewed as a supplement to our previous review on quantum rings [S. Viefers et al., Physica E 21 (2004), 1-35), is to highlight the differences of boson and fermion systems in one-dimensional (1D) and quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) quantum rings. In particular this involves comparing their many-body spectra and other properties, in various regimes and m

This paper focuses on under-expanded gaseous flow at a straight micro-tube exit. The pitot total pressure of gas flow (jet) in the downstream region from a straight micro-tube exit was measured by a total pressure pitot tube to accumulate data for validation of numerical results. A micro-tube of 495 mu m in diameter and 56.3 mm in length and a total pressure pitot tube of 100 mu m in outer diamete