Optical tweezers, atomic force microscopes, patch clamping, or fluorescence techniques make it possible to study both the equilibrium conformations and dynamics of single DNA molecules as well as their interaction with binding proteins. In this paper we address the dynamics of local DNA denaturation (bubble breathing), deriving its dynamic response to external physical parameters and the DNA seque

If a leptoquark is produced at HERA as a narrow resonance, various effects tend to broaden the measurable mass distribution considerably. These effects are discussed here, with special emphasis on initial- and final-state QCD radiation. A proper understanding is important to assess the significance of data and to devise strategies for better mass reconstruction.

In computational fluid dynamic simulations of partially premixed combustion engines it is common to find simplifications of the in cylinder flow conditions in order to save computational cost. One common simplification is to start the simulation at the moment of intake valve closing with an assumed initial flow condition, rather than making a full scavenging simulation. Another common simplificati

Several distinct color flow topologies are possible in multiparton configurations. A method is proposed to find the correct topology, based on a minimization of the total transverse momentum of produced particles. This method is studied for three-jet [Formula presented] and four-jet [Formula presented] events. It is shown how the basic picture is smeared, especially by parton-shower activity. The

Low temperature combustion concepts used in compression ignition engines have shown to be able to produce simultaneous reduction of oxides of nitrogen and soot as well as generating higher gross indicated efficiencies compared to conventional diesel combustion. This is achieved by a combination of premixing, dilution and optimization of combustion phasing. Low temperature combustion can be comple

At HERA, the large flux of almost real photons accompanying the electron beam leads to the copious photoproduction of jets. Regions of small momentum fractions x of the incoming particles are explored, where the density of partons is high. As a result, the probability for more than one hard partonic scattering occurring in a single collision could become significant. It is well known that this eff

All currently available QCD-inspired models/Monte Carlos for the event structure in high-p T physics are described. Included is information on hard interactions, initial and final state radiation, structure functions, beam jets and fragmentation. Results from a number of comparative Monte Carlo runs are presented, which help to illuminate how the physics content in Monte Carlos may be tested. Spec

Phenomenological models of multiparticle production have become increasingly important for the interpretation of experimental data in high energy physics. The evolution of these models fills a gap left open by the present limited theoretical understanding of the hadronization process, i.e. the transformation of outgoing colored partons into color singlet hadrons. The three main schools of thought,

Partially premixed combustion (PPC) with gasoline fuels is a new promising combustion concept for future internal combustion engines. However, many researchers have argued the capabilities of research octane number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON) to describe the autoignition behaviour of gasoline fuels in advanced combustion concepts like PPC. The objective of this study is to propose a new m

We present a model that includes the production of arbitrarily many jets in lepton-hadron events, using the leading log formalism for parton shower evolution. The main problem encountered here, which has not previously been illuminated by studies ofe+e− annihilation or Drell-Yan/Z0/W± production, is the choice of kinematics in the space-like shower evolution. In our preferred solution, the standar

Populärvetenskaplig diskussion om flertydiga, diplomatiska formuleringar som demokratiskt ledarskap.