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This thesis consists of four self-contained papers in the economics of education and labor economics.In the first chapter, we study whether differences in teacher quality across countries are a contributor of international learning gaps. In particular, we study the effects of two dimensions of teacher quality, subject knowledge and didactic skills, on student learning in francophone Sub-Saharan Af
The accelerating global energy transition has intensified demand for energy transition minerals (ETMs), many of which are located on or near Indigenous lands. While ETMs are essential for decarbonisation, their extraction often reproduces entrenched patterns of socio-ecological injustice and generates new pressures on Indigenous Peoples, territories, and ways of life. Free, Prior and Informed Cons
Fragility fractures are a major health concern and accurate estimation of bone strength is important for fracture risk assessment. Finite element (FE) models can provide reliable estimates of femoral bone strength, but traditional approaches typically require three-dimensional imaging and computationally intensive model generation. Previous research has enabled reconstruction of subject-specific F
Förvaltningsmyndigheter fyller en uppsjö av funktioner i det svenska sam hället och offentligt anställda fäller i utövandet av yrkesroll en stor mängd brett varierade beslut och uttalanden. Med tanke på vilken effekt dessa utta landen kan få för allmänheten kan man fråga sig vilka av en myndighets ställningstaganden som utgör ett överklagbart beslut. Frågan om förvalt ningsbesluts överklagbarhetAdministrative authorities fulfill a plethora of functions in Swedish society and public employees make a large number of widely varying decisions and statements when exercising their professional role. Considering the effect these statements can have on the public, one can ask which of an authority's positions constitute an appealable decision. The question of the appealabil ity of admini
The introduction of a semiconductor–semiconductor junction is an effective strategy to enhance the photocatalytic performance of perovskite nanocrystal-based systems. Herein, we optimized the synthesis of CsPbX3/Pb4S3Y2 (X, Y = Cl, Br, I) perovskite/chalcohalide heterostructures, whose band alignment can be tuned by the halide composition. As a proof-of-concept, we evaluated the photooxidative cou
Coffee is the most common drink in the world, second only to water. This makes caffeine, the ingredient of coffee known for its wakefulness-promoting effects, one of the most used psychoactive substances. The psychoactive property of caffeine is well-characterized, and entails its interaction with the adenosine receptors, involved in sleep regulation. While studies have shown a deleterious immedia
The focus of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating Perlin noise, a method that has previously been used to model the tissue distribution of software breast phantoms, when creating a ‘compressible’ software breast phantom used in finite element analysis. Several compressible phantoms were created to represent different stages of aging in a virtual patient when younger, fibrogl
Aluminum (Al), as a carbon-free energy source and energy carrier, features favorable characteristics regarding its production, transportation, utilization, and recyclability. However, the understanding of Al gas-phase combustion kinetics is still limited. The novelty of this work lies in presenting the first detailed and comprehensive analysis of the Al gas-phase mechanism in the air and steam env
We study a class of dynamical multi-commodity flows in transportation networks. These are modeled as dynamical systems describing the evolution of the densities of a number of different commodities across the cells of a transportation network. Each cell is characterized by commodity-specific increasing demand functions returning the maximum outflow of each commodity from the cell as a function of
Time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (TOF-MS) measurements of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM][OTF]) vapors have been conducted in order to gain insight into the VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) absorption thresholds. The experimental data were interpreted with hybrid density-functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), and several flavours of many-body perturbation theor
Background Previous population-based studies suggest an increased risk of suicide in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but findings have been inconsistent and often limited by residual confounding. We examined the association between incident PD and suicide-related outcomes using extensive confounding control, including both suicidal attempts and suicide.Methods We conducted a nationwide matched cohort stBackground Previous population-based studies suggest an increased risk of suicide in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but findings have been inconsistent and often limited by residual confounding. We examined the association between incident PD and suicide-related outcomes using extensive confounding control, including both suicidal attempts and suicide.Methods We conducted a nationwide matched cohort st
The great tit Parus major is known for its wide range of innovative foraging behaviours, which have enabled adaptation to anthropogenic habitats such as gardens and city parks. Some of the behaviours are general and common whereas others are rare and seem to have been invented and used by single birds. Here we report on a male great tit that specialised in capturing large butterflies that were for
Future wireless communications will rely on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands to deliver high data rates. To support flexible spatial processing and meet the demands of latency-critical applications, it is essential to use fully digital mmWave MIMO beamforming, which relies on accurate channel estimation. However, ensuring power
Byggnadssektorns klimatpåverkan behöver minskas genom energieffektivisering men också genom att öka andel av förnybar energi i den energi som används. Värmelagring i byggnader kan vara ett effektivt sätt att flytta byggnadens behov av energianvändning för uppvärmning från tider då energisystemets koldioxidbelastning är hög till tider under ett dygn då det finns betydande tillgång på förnybar energ
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising service for the Internet of Things (IoT), providing a cost-effective and sustainable solution to deploy so-called energy-neutral devices on a massive scale. The power received at the device side from a conventional transmit antenna with a physically small aperture decays rapidly with the distance. New opportunities arise from the transition from convent
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate quantitative and qualitative cell and tissue properties of human articular cartilage using phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography to determine what biological information can be obtained in comparison to traditional histopathology.DESIGN: Human knee cartilage from 49 deceased donors without known osteoarthritis (ages 18-85 years, 25 females and 24 males) and 4 patients u
The estimation of regression parameters in spatially referenced data plays a crucial role across various scientific domains. A common approach involves employing an additive regression model to capture the relationship between observations and covariates, accounting for spatial variability not explained by the covariates through a Gaussian random field. We study the effect of misspecified covariat
