In two previous studies, optimal conditions were identified for two-step steam pretreatment Of SO2- and H2SO4-impregnated softwood. In the present study the yield of sugar and ethanol was determined in a process development unit where pretreatment was performed in a 10-L reactor and simultaneous sacchatification and fermentation (SSF) or enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) were performed in 30-L reactors. T

The mechanisms behind secondary hyperlipidemia in patients with various chronic inflammatory diseases are not known in detail. We have recently demonstrated that ACTH exerts strong hypolipidemic effects in healthy volunteers. To test the clinical relevance of this finding, we administrated ACTH during three weeks to nine hyperlipidemic steroid-treated patients with kidney disease. Before administr

Growth hormone (GH) has insulin-antagonistic effects, and GH secretion is augmented during fasting and hypoglycemia. In the present study, 10 patients aged 21 to 28 years with childhood-onset GH deficiency (GHD) were studied during a 24-hour fast and a hypoglycemic glucose clamp before and after 9 months of GH replacement. During the 24-hour fast, blood glucose, serum insulin, and serum free fatty

In European governance, elements from different administrative and political cultures coalesce into one more complex framework. To capture some of the complexity, two central dimensions are addressed: territoriality and political time, understood as horizon, resource, and process. When investigating European governance the question of the institutional organization is important, since it relates t

Abstract not available

Background Whether or not ankles can be replaced with reasonable safety has been the subject of debate. We present the results of a nationwide series of total ankle arthroplasties. Patients and methods All Swedish hospitals that implant or have implanted modern three-component ankle prostheses reported demographic data and date of index and revision surgery to a central register. After the data ha

We present the first ultraviolet and optical images of η Car and itscircumstellar Homunculus nebula, obtained with the Advanced Camera forSurveys/High Resolution Camera (ACS/HRC) on board the Hubble SpaceTelescope (HST). Compared to those at visual wavelengths, UV imagesreveal excess emission 0.1"-0.6" from the central source along the minoraxis that may emanate from the outer parts of η Car's non

Chondrules are millimeter sized objects of spherical to irregular shape that constitute the major component of chondritic meteorites that originate in the region between Mars and Jupiter and which fall to Earth. They appear to have solidified rapidly from molten or partially molten drops. The heat source that melted the chondrules remains uncertain. The intense radiation from a gamma-ray burst (GR

As the largest single energy-consuming component in most biological wastewater treatment systems, control of aeration is of great interest seen from an energy savings point of view. This paper suggests a simple way of using on-line ammonium measurements to control aeration in a pre-denitrification plant by controlling the dissolved oxygen setpoint. The controller works primarily by feed-forward ba

Predation on large woody plant seeds; chestnuts, acorns and sloe kernels, was studied in deciduous forests of two size classes: small woodlots (< 1 ha) and large woods (at least 25 ha) in southern Sweden. Seeds used for the study were artificially distributed on the forest ground and seed predation measured as seed removal. Predation rate was similar in both types of woods. However, rodent density

Local signs and symptoms were evaluated in 187 consecutively presenting diabetic patients undergoing amputation for foot ulcers. From admission until final outcome the patients were treated by the same multidisciplinary team both as in- and out-patients. At the time of amputation, the types of lesions were superficial/deep ulcer (n 17), ulcer with deep infection, but without gangrene (n 40), and g

A test of the benchmark QED process e(+) e(-) -->gammagamma(gamma) is reported, using the data collected with the DELPHI detector at LEP 2. The data analysed were recorded at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 161 GeV to 208 GeV and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 656.4 pb(-1). The Born cross-section for the process e(+) e(-)-->gammagamma(gamma) was determined, confirming the vali

Data supporting the notion that exercise during growth built a stronger skeleton is compelling. Exercise during growth, especially during the pre-pubertal years, increases bone mineral density (BMD) and perhaps also bone size, each independently conferring bone strength. In adulthood, exercise at best halts bone loss or increases BMD by a few percentage points, an increase of questionable biologic

We show that it is possible to understand and interpret the complex and rich C-H stretch region in the vibrational spectrum of ethoxy adsorbed on W(110) in terms of fundamental C-H stretch modes in Fermi resonance with C-H deformation overtones and combinations. The mode assignment is based on calculated C-13 isotopic shifts for an ethoxy-Cu-5 cluster. The coupling constants have been derived from

A prominent increase in atmospheric CO, at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, ca. 55 Ma, led to the warmest Earth of the Cenozoic for similar to 100 k.y. High-resolution studies of continental flood-plain sediment records across this boundary can provide crucial information on how the hydrological cycle responds to rapidly changing CO2. Here we show from continental records across the Paleocene-Eocene

Den offentliga statistiken inom äldreomsorgsområdet är för närvarande begränsad till mängdstatistik (Statistik - socialtjänst 2000:5, Socialstyrelsen 2000 och Hälso- och sjukvårdsstatistisk årsbok 1999, Socialstyrelsen 2000). Från denna statistik erhålles uppgifter om antalet äldre som får vård och hjälp fördelade på ålder, kön och vårdinsats samt vårdkostnader. För att få insikt i äldreomsorgssys