Although recent modeling suggests that needle–syringe programs (NSPs) have reduced parenteral HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Kenya, the prevalence in this population remains high (∼14–20%, compared to ∼4% in the larger population). Reducing transmission or acquisition requires understanding historic and modern transmission trends, but the relationship between the PWID HIV

State-of-the-art laser frequency stabilization is limited by miniscule length changes caused by thermal noise. In this work, a cavity-length-insensitive frequency stabilization scheme is implemented using strong dispersion in a 21 mm long cavity with a europium-ion-doped spacer of yttrium orthosilicate. A number of limiting factors for slow light laser stabilization are evaluated, including the in

High-fidelity and decoherence-insensitive quantum gates are essential for achieving universal quantum computing. In quantum information processing, decoherence arising from excited states significantly contributes to the scheme's infidelity. Therefore, minimizing the average population of the excited state is crucial when designing quantum protocols. A promising approach involves utilizing capture

The coastal zone is a dynamic region where the sea meets land, making it highly influenced by environmental conditions such as storm surges, extreme weather events, and coastal erosion. Coastal areas are also characterized by high population densities, significant urban development, and important socio-economic functions such as transportation, trade, tourism and recreation. Consequently, they are

Over the past sixteen years, the total output of the township-village enterprises (TVEs) in China has grown at an average rate of 30 percent per annum. In 1994, TVEs produced 47 percent of the nation’s total industrial product and provided employment to 120 million people (People’s Daily, overseas edition, 2 March 1995); China Township Enterprises Daily, 27 September 1994). The TVE sector has been

α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a neuronal protein predominantly found in the brain, whose native function seems to be associated with vesicle trafficking. While intrinsically disordered in solution, the first ca. 100 residues adopt an amphipathic α-helical structure when the protein adsorbs onto membranes. Additionally, the aggregation of αSyn into highly ordered β-sheet rich amyloid fibrils is associated

Artificially cultivated meat may have environmental benefits and harm-reductive capabilities, making it crucial to establishing ethical food production practices. However, we argue that salient factors make producing and consuming artificially cultivated meat morally problematic. We detail some of these factors and highlight their roots in different ethical traditions. These factors present seriou

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder, and ITP presents as either primary or, during the course of the disease, secondary, where approximately 20% of the cases are secondary to other diseases such as systemic autoimmune disease. The management goal of ITP is to treat or prevent severe bleeding, not to normalize the platelet count. ITP is thought to be an autoimmune syndr

In this Letter, we aim to address a knowledge gap in the intersection, and boundaries, between law(s) and circular policies, business models, and practices. By exploring the existing literature and real-life examples across the world, this work provokes further research towards a deeper understanding of the necessary changes in the legal paradigm to enable circular innovation and achieve more circ

Plate tectonics is a unique feature of Earth, but its proposed time of initiation is still controversial, with published estimates ranging from ca. 4.2 to 0.7 Ga. Paleomagnetic data can provide a robust argument for one essential aspect of plate tectonics: large-scale relative lateral motions of distinct, rigid crustal blocks. Previously, the oldest relative horizontal motion between two or more b

A new model for the estimation of the QT-RR adaptation time lag using exercise ECG stress testing has been proposed, assuming a linear heart rate trend during the test. In this work, simulated ECGs have been generated based on heart rate patterns with oscillations at different frequencies to demonstrate that the assumption can be relaxed so that the QTRR adaptation time lag can be adequately estim

Risk assessment constitutes a valuable tool for organizations responsible for critical societal functions in their effort of reducing the likelihood and mitigating the consequences of potentially harmful events. In a previous project, the researchers have contributed to the development and implementation of a method for risk assessment in the municipality of Malmö, Sweden. Shortly after the full-s

Organizations responsible for maintaining critical societal functions must be able to handle both events that can be foreseen and events that come more or less as surprises. Therefore, proactive risk management strategies that build on capacity to adapt to new and unforeseen circumstances must complement strategies that build on the ability to plan for events that can be anticipated on beforehand.

We theoretically investigate elementary excitations of dipolar quantum gases across the superfluid to supersolid phase transition in a toroidal trap. We show how decoupled first sound, second sound, and Higgs modes emerge by following their origin from superfluid modes across the transition. The structure of these excitations reveals the interplay between crystal and superfluid oscillations. Our r

SIGNIFICANCE: The irregular response to PARPi in HRD-positive and -negative tumors highlights the need for identifying additional biomarkers. This study explores the mutational landscape beyond HRD status in AOC, ultimately advancing precision oncology in future clinical practice.