The objective of this study was to describe the natural history of HIV-1 RNA load in vertically HIV-1-infected children. HIV-1 RNA in 156 plasma or serum samples (1-14, median 4 from each child) from 32 vertically HIV-1-infected children was detected with the NASBA® technique (Organon Teknika, The Netherlands). Twenty-one children were prospectively followed from birth, and 11 were identified and

To summarize, prophylactic treatment of hemophilia begun at an early age has been gaining acceptance as the optimal therapeutic option in an increasing number of hemophilia centers in the developed world in recent years. In all too many parts of the world, however, this option must be viewed as a long-range goal in hemophilia care, since national economic resources are insufficient for regular pro

The actual reproductive choices made by slightly over a quarter of all the carriers of severe or moderate haemophilia in Sweden were investigated and compared with those of a randomly selected age-matched group of women who were not carriers of haemophilia. In general, the 105 carriers had the same number of children as other women of similar age. However, carriers who did not choose prenatal diag

Purpose: We present clinical and laboratory data on 18 children from 12 hemophilia treatment centers in the United States, Canada, and Europe with the purpose of disseminating information regarding a recently recognized, potentially life-threatening complication of treatment in very young children with hemophilia B. Patients and Methods: Twelve hemophilia centers from the United States, Canada, an

Human activities have been marred for ages by conflicts of interest. This is no less true in the field of science. In the early years of the Nobel Prizes, little attention was focused on this aspect, but awareness steadily grew. In particular, this concerned Swedes nominated for Nobel Prizes, who were most likely themselves members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, but whose fellows at the

The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of optimizing prophylactic dosing of factor VIII by the use of individual pharmacokinetic data. Twenty-one patients were enrolled in a randomized cross-over study on standard dosage regimens vs. dosing according to pharmacokinetic principles. The study period was 2 x 6 months. Using single-dose pharmacokinetic data for each patient, plasma fa

At the haemophilia centre in Malmo, Sweden, regular prophylactic treatment is begun at 1-1 1/4 years of age, before the onset of joint bleeds. The dose and dose interval are optimised by means of pharmacokinetic studies to determine the individual patient's FVIII or IX metabolism, the goal of maintaining a level > 1% of normal being taken as a guideline which experience has shown to yield satisfac

A survey was made of the current status of treatment of haemophilic boys at 20 centres in 16 European countries and includes approximately 1500 of the estimated 6500 haemophiliacs in the participating countries. Many mild haemophiliacs are not seen, or seen infrequently, at haemophilia centres and this requires study. Nine of 18 centres provide continuous prophylaxis to 80-100% of their patients,

The bleeding phenotype has been suggested to differ between haemophilia A and B. More knowledge on the bleeding phenotype at initiation of treatment is important to optimize patient care. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity of the bleeding phenotype and the variation in bleeding in children with severe or moderate haemophilia A and B. Consecutive, previously untreated patients wi

Summary A demographic survey was made of all children (n= 137) born with severe or moderate haemophilia in Sweden during the period 1970‐92. Bn addition, all prenatal diagnoses (n= 86) performing during the period were evaluated. The annual incidence of severe and moderate haemophilia, having remained constant for decades, increased from 0.78/10,000 males in the 1970s to 1.34 in the 1980s, levelli

The symbolic order of discourse of ideology actually enables the existence and reproduction of violence. Mass crimes on civilians may become normalized and widely accepted if perpetrators of violence who exert violence and those who implicitly and explicitly support it believe that exertion of violence on others is justified by belief in some symbolic higher order. Many current examples of justifi

Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): This article analyzes the experiences retold by former concentration camp detainees who were placed in concentration camps like civilians at the beginning of the Bosnian war in the 1990s. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The article aims to describe the recounted social interaction rituals after time spent in a concentration camp as well

Characterization of normal breast stem cells is important for understanding their role in breast development and in breast cancer. However, the identity of these cells is a subject of controversy and their localization in the breast epithelium is not known. In this study, we utilized a novel approach to analyze the morphogenesis of mammary lobules, by combining one-dimensional theoretical models a

Using in vitro and in vivo experimental systems and in situ analysis, we show that growth hormone (GH) is secreted locally by normal human mammary epithelial cells upon progesterone stimulation. GH increases proliferation of a subset of cells that express growth hormone receptor (GHR) and have functional properties of stem and early progenitor cells. In 72% of ductal carcinoma in situ lesions, an

INTRODUCTION: Although estrogen and progesterone play a key role in normal mammary development and in breast cancer, the potential for proliferation and lineage differentiation as well as origin of cells that express the estrogen receptor (ER) in normal breast epithelium are not known. Some evidence suggests that normal human mammary stem/progenitor cells are ER-, but the identity of these cells a

Mortality of patients with breast cancer is due overwhelmingly to metastatic spread of the disease. Although dissemination is an early event in breast cancer, extended periods of cancer cell dormancy can result in long latency of metastasis development. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying cancer cell dormancy and subsequent growth at the metastatic site would facilitate development of strategies

For Eastern Africa, very little information about the SSH knowledge production can be found from a European perspective. Adequate indicators like information-rich bibliographic databases that cover East-Africa-based journals and book publishers are lacking. This research in progress explores their indexing situation in detail, their development, which is closely connected to political history, the