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Spårväxeln är en viktig komponent i järnvägsanläggningen som möjliggör byte mellan spår. Att växeln fungerar väl är viktigt ur trafikeringssynpunkt då den största delen av trafiken någon gång måste byta spår under sin färd mellan två destinationer. Problemen kan bli påtagliga med en icke-fungerande växel vilket orsakar försenade/inställda tåg och resenärer som kostar samhället pengar. Att införa n

The construction industry accounts for a large proportion of the world’s total anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, CO2 among others. As a part of the effort to combat this are environmental certifications which have become increasingly more numerous and more frequent in use. This is partly because consumers have become more environmentally aware and motivated to pay more for products and

Buildings has both a cultural-historical and technical value. Buildings that were built in the 60's and 70's had relatively simple energy requirements compared to today. A large part of these buildings need to be renovated. Culture-marked buildings makes the process more difficult due to the cultural- historical value. This means no exterior work can be done, the retrofitting energy effici

Timber-concrete composite floors have been used for many years outside Sweden, although this kind of floor has not reached its full potential in Sweden. An advantage of using a timber-concrete composite floor is that the concrete is primarily subjected to compressive stress while the wood is primarily subjected to tensile stress, for the case of vertical load. The purpose of this work is to examin

The purpose of the study is to find out how construction companies are affected by the hiring of foreign subcontractors. The report investigates the potential risks and what advantages and disadvantages there are construction companies to procure contracts in the international market and especially in North Europe. The work will result in a report that will have the layout of a manual regarding th

This degree project focuses primarily on the requirements related to energy and the environment that are associated with buildings. As a small contribution towards a more sustainable society, piping insulation used for insulating heating or cooling systems has been studied. During the lifetime of a building, these systems can result in large energy losses that cause significant environmental impac

Based on the background of complexity of China's foreign trade structure, the author will make an analysis and outline the contours of China’s exchange rate problems. By using several relevant quantitative mathematical models to find out the relation between RMB exchange rate and USDX, then to analyze their impacts on Chinese foreign trade. This research can check the influence of the microstr

With a multitude of platform and operating system combinations available to- day, ranging from laptops and workstations to tablets and smartphones, users want to use their favorite applications regardless of device. Cross-platform development has thus become more important in recent years. When devel- oping a new application the developers must decide what platforms to support and what strategy to

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate which firm-specific variables can explain the cross-section of expected stock returns in the German market. The tested explanatory variables are market beta, firm size, the book-to-market ratio, the earnings-to-price ratio, leverage, the dividend yield, the cash flow-to-price ratio and sales growth. Furthermore, the thesis also examines the con

There are several different options of carrier bags available at supermarket retailers with and estimated consumption of 98.6 billion plastic carrier bags in the EU alone. The aim of this paper is to seek insight to the environmental impacts of the different carrier bags and put this in relation to GWP values. The paper also aims to investigate the consumer selection of carrier bags in Swedish Sup

Prästgårdsängens förskola i Kungsbacka byggdes år 2008 med passivhusteknik. På förskolan går barn i åldrarna mellan 1-3 och 4-5 år, där många aktiviteter bedrivs både utomhus och inomhus. Detta leder till att det blir mycket rörelse mellan inne och utemiljö. Förskolan består av ett plan och stor del av elförsörjningen kommer från de solceller som finns installerade på 220 m2 av skolans tak. Då intPrästgårdsängens preschool in Kungsbacka was built in 2008 with passive house technology. At the school there are children going aged between 1-3 and 4-5 years, where many activities are conducted both indoors and outdoors. This leads to that there will be a lot of movement between indoor and outdoor environment. The preschool consists of a flat and much of the electricity supply comes from the so

In 2008 occurred the beginning of what was to become the most comprehensive, global, financial crisis in modern time. The recent crisis has been substantial for most developed countries, where almost all Eurozone members have showed negative economic results. Our goal is to determine, with as much accuracy as possible, if austerity contributes to the Eurozone-countries’ recovery process from the E

The main purpose of this thesis is to propose a method for using a change point detection algorithm to forecast short term limit order book price changes. The idea is to test whether a significant change of the shape of the limit order book contains any information about impending changes to mid market. Using a data set consisting of all the changes of the limit order book throughout the trading d

Some costumes from the world of cinema have become part of a cultural reference system often used within both the fashion industry and Hollywood. They are iconic pieces of fashion that stay in style long after the closing credits. Bakom kulisserna takes a closer look at what is needed to become acknowledged as an iconic costume. Through a qualitative content analysis and a semiotic and sociologica

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze different factors which have an impact on the level of financial constraints that companies face. The main factors that are discussed in this paper are the size of firms and the level of country development, measured by institutional development, development of financial markets and economic development. Whited-Wu index is used to calculate the level of

Miljöcertifieringar för byggnader, anläggningar och stadsdelar tillämpas i dag i allt större utsträckning för att säkerställa hållbar utveckling i den byggda miljön. Deras främsta syfte är att främja sociala och ekonomiska fördelar samt uppnå minimal negativ påverkan på människa och miljö. Kraven för olika certifieringsnivåer är detaljerade och uppbyggda på tydliga betygssystem. Samtidigt har begrThis study aims to, through a comparative analysis, examine if there are any similarities between environmental certification schemes and the nature-inspired design tool Cradle to Cradle in environmental performance when building residential houses. The analysis shows that two of the four examined certification systems, LEED and BREEAM, have several traits that are similar to C2C. However, these s

Food wastage during distribution, retail sale, and consumption is a concern of great worry. It not only affects the economics of businesses but also puts natural resources under severe stress. For example, in the UK some 800,000 tons of bakery products are purchased each year and never eaten, mainly due to short life span of the product. Earlier investigations at Lantmännen Unibake, UK have identi

The formation of α-synuclein amyloid fibrils and accumulation in inclusion bodies termed Lewy bodies are considered the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. It has been found that the formation of fibrils is highly pH dependent, which is thought to be linked to the highly negatively charged C-terminal tail of α-synuclein. The aim of this project was to study if the pKa values of the C-terminal tail in