This study explores the link between EU citizenship and the right to vote in elections to the European Parliament. It does so through the so-called ''Gibraltar-case'', C-145/04, at the time of writing still pending before the European Court of Justice. Spain alleges that the United Kingdom has infringed EC law through enacting the European Parliament (Representation) Act 2003 in wh

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether a new rule of customary international law has evolved that allows for an exception to the Head of State immunity regarding the perpetration of international crimes. In the legal literature and in codification attempts the view has been expressed that this new rule already exists. This thesis investigates whether this is a correct interpretation

La question des droits fondamentaux à l'intérieur de l'ordre juridique communautaire est composée. Elle concerne non seulement la légitimité même de la Communauté mais aussi la question des limites entre les compétences communautaires et nationales. La notion des droits fondamentaux, jamais définie par la CJCE, est proche de celle traditionnelle des droits civils et politiques des droits d

''Pacta sunt servanda'' - avtal skall hållas - och visst är det så! Vårt samhälles ekonomiska samfärdsel är beroende både av förutsättningen att man kan lita på den andra parten när denne lovat något enligt ett avtal, och inte minst att man kan lita på att han hålls vid sitt löfte! Men trots denna huvudregel inom civilrätten finns det ändå situationer där det inte är rimligt att kr

Nationell familjerätt och internationell mr-rätt har länge setts som obesläktade rättsområden. Dock är det så att mr-rätten garanterar skydd för familjen och för individers privatliv. Likaväl skyddar mr-rätten kvinnors rätt att vara fria från könsbaserat våld. Dessa rättigheter är relevanta för nationell familjerätt, vilken ska överensstämma med de människorättsstandarder som staten ifråga accepte

Regelstrukturen på den europeiska värdepappersmarknaden har nyligen genomgått ett signifikant skifte från en rad olika nationella variationer i den nämnda lagstiftningen till en harmoniserad europeisk värdepappersmarknad genom införandet av Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2004/39/EG av den 21 april 2004 om marknader för finansiella instrument och om ändring av rådets direktiv 85/611/EEG och

EG har kontinuerligt ägnat sig åt reglering av kemiska produkter. 1967 antogs första rättsakten som rörde kemikaliekontroll. Under 1960- och 70-talen antogs gemenskapslagstiftning främst för att undanröja hinder för den gemensamma inre marknaden och därmed främja den fria varurörligheten. Under 1980-talet blev miljöskydd ensamt skäl att anta lagstiftning på kemikalieområdet. Genom åren har ett ant

Digitaliseringen av telekommunikationer och tv-sändningar leder till en konvergens av tele-, tv- och IT-sektorerna. Denna konvergens kommer till uttryck på olika sätt, men kan sägas ha gemensamt att gränserna mellan de olika sektorerna suddas ut alltmer. Det är svårt att helt förutse vad som kommer att ske, men några tydliga tendenser är att nätverken kan användas för all typ av information&se

The way an actor presents itself through a policy document could tell us a lot about – not only how the actor wants to be perceived – but also about what actorness the actor holds. To this foundation, this thesis studies the EU narrative identity presented in the EU Arctic Policy. The Arctic is a region of growing importance, and more eyes have turned to the Polar north over the past decades. The

For decades women’s rights have been a matter of discussion. Here lays, that free abortion is not a given right worldwide. The newly voted abortion law in Argentina now allow for women to access abortion freely. While the country is known as predominately Catholic, it is interesting to dive deep into how and why this abortion initiative finally have been approved. This research explores which fact

Over the last three and half decades, China has seen a rapid economic and political advancement in the world. Taking an ideological approach to evaluate China’s quest for soft power, the primary aim of this essay is to investigate whether the Chinese initiative “The Belt and Road Initiative” aims to position China as the worlds next superpower. Building on Joseph Nye ́s thoughts about soft power,

The school segregation has been growing in the Swedish schooling system in the recent years, where pupils with different backgrounds to a lower extent meet each other in the schooling system. At the same time the differences in results between schools, and the relationship between family background and pupils’ school results is increasing. This has spurred a political will to act on the growing sc

In 2020, the German government introduced a legislation to phase-out coal mining and combustion by 2038. Expert reports state that this is too late for Germany to meet its obligations from the Paris Agreement. For many people in Lusatia, one of the three coal mining areas in Germany, even the 2038 coal-exit is happening too fast. They fear for their economic and personal future in the coal-mining

This study set out to investigate the concept of security and the intelligence threat set in a Swedish context regarding its national and intelligence security policies. The aim of this paper is to examine whether or not there is any ambiguity of the concept of security. By applying Baldwin’s conceptual framework “The Concept of Security”, a set of dimensions is used to analyse the Swedish nationa

With rapid urbanisation, local governments are increasingly put under pressure to manage urban space in a way that benefits all citizens. Urban space often become contested and economic, political, social, and environmental interests shape how these spaces are used and managed. In the context of Cape Town, two mayor interests that determine spatial development are urban greening and affordable hou

This paper researches the Korean Constitutional Court’s decision to legalize abortions in South Korea in 2019. While abortions have been illegal from 1957, the way in which it has been put into practice has varied, as well as the social and political status of abortions. From 2015 and onward, feminist movements started mobilizing a pro-choice movement, without much political response from executiv

Travel is a crucial part of our lives and the way we travel is constantly changing. The current state of day-to-day travel in Sweden is studied with a case study on a new neighborhood, renowned for its innovation and sustainable approach, that is under development in the city of Lund in southern Sweden. Implementation of public transit, mobility-as-a-service and contemporary infrastructure pla