Previous studies have found that elites differ from the general population not only in terms of their demographic and social composition but also with respect to policy preferences and attitudes. When it comes to civil society organisations, the issue of representation and representativeness of top-level leadership is of particular relevance, since a small number of individuals are expected to act

We investigate frugal splitting operators for finite sum monotone inclusion problems. These operators utilize exactly one direct or resolvent evaluation of each operator of the sum, and the splitting operator's output is dictated by linear combinations of these evaluations' inputs and outputs. To facilitate analysis, we introduce a novel representation of frugal splitting operators via a generaliz

Technical developments have paved the way for the development of ultrasensitive analytical methods that allow for precise quantification of brain-specific proteins in blood samples. Plasma levels of amyloid β, specifically the Aβ42/40 ratio, are reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and show concordance with brain amyloidosis assessed by PET, but the overlap with normal elderly may be too large for

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the enzyme responsible for the first step of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation in plants, which proceeds via the carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-biphosphate. Because of the enormous importance of this reaction in agriculture and the environment, there is considerable interest in the mechanism of fixation of CO2 by RuBisCO. Here, a serial synch

Optimal recovery of muscle function after proximal nerve injuries remains a complex and challenging problem. After a nerve injury, alterations in the affected muscles lead to atrophy, and later degeneration and replacement by fat-fibrous tissues. At present, several different strategies for the preservation of skeletal muscle have been reported, including various sets of physical exercises, muscle

The history of TRP channels and bladder started in the 1980-ies with the studies of Maggi and collaborators, who created the basis for using capsaicin and other vanilloids in LUT disorders. This narrative review gives a brief history of bladder TRP channels, from their discovery, distribution, and function in the bladder to the rationale for and current status of the use of agents acting on them i

This work reports on a method for uncertainty estimation in simulated collider-event predictions. The method is based on a Monte Carlo-veto algorithm, and extends previous work on uncertainty estimates in parton showers by including uncertainty estimates for the Lund string-fragmentation model. This method is advantageous from the perspective of simulation costs: a single ensemble of generated eve

Industrial symbiosis (IS) has been recognized as an important approach to succeed in the transition towards increased circularity in industry and society. IS involves collaboration between different actors sharing resources, aiming to minimize waste, improve resource and/or energy efficiency, resulting in reduced emissions and environmental impact. This study conducts an embedded single case study

Non-genetic variation is the phenotypic variation induced by the differential expression of a genotype in response to varying environmental cues and is broadly categorized into two types: phenotypic plasticity and developmental noise. These aspects of variation have been suggested to play an important role in adaptive evolution. However, the mechanisms by which these two types of non-genetic varia

This paper examines the effect of aid fragmentation on the aid-growth nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1990-2017. Aid fragmentation is measured by both the concentration index (Herfindahl index and ratio of contribution by largest three donors) and donor counts (total number of donors and number of small donors). We find a significant negative effect of aid fragmentation on the effectiveness of ai

Background: Health-related quality of life and patient-related outcome measures for patients with cancer have gained increased interest over the last decade. However, few prospective studies with longitudinal data evaluated health-related quality of life in patients with breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate how health-related quality of life changed from the time of diagnosis to 1 year a

Objectives Increasing epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that particle exposure is an environmental risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, only a few case-control studies have investigated this association in an occupational setting. Hence, our objective was to investigate associations between particle exposure and CKD in a large cohort of Swedish construction worke

Lake–atmosphere carbon exchanges can be significantly affected by photochemical dissolved organic matter (DOM) mineralization. However, our understanding of how increasing allochthonous organic carbon input affects the photoreactivity of DOM per unit of absorbed incoming light is incomplete. Here, we measured the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light and subsequent photochemical DOM decay in 148 la

This paper presents a sharp interface formulation for modelling diffusional phase transformations. Grain boundary motion is, in accordance with diffusional phase transformation kinetics, determined by the amount of flux towards the interface and is formulated in a level set framework. This approach enables a computational efficiency that can be expected to be higher than what can be achieved with

The Öresund Bridge between Sweden and Denmark was opened in 2000, allowing both road traffic and fast commuter trains to travel between Malmö and Copenhagen. Various agreements have long facilitated passport-free travel. However, at the end of 2015, temporary border controls were first introduced. This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of portrayals in the news media and everyday mobili

The unique in situ measurements of clouds and precipitation within the shallow and deep cumulus over the north-eastern Arabian Sea region during the Indian monsoon are illustrated in this study with a focus on droplet spectral parameters. The observational period showed a significant incursion of Arabian dust and the presence of giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN), modifying the cloud and preci

Objective: We investigated differences in somatosensory profiles (SSPs) assessed by quantitative sensory testing in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CCP) with and without chronic pain and compared these differences to those in a group of typically developed children and adolescents (TDC) with and without chronic pain. Method: All included subjects were consecutively recruited from and

In Verbal Aspect in Synoptic Parallels Wally Cirafesi answers the question of why the Synoptic Gospels at times employ different tense-forms to communicate the same action. The problem has typically been explained from the perspective of redaction criticism and temporal Aktionsart approaches to the Greek verb. Cirafesi challenges these approaches by reframing the discussion in terms of recent adva