Based on modern single molecule techniques, we devise a number of possible experimental setups to probe local properties of DNA such as the presence of DNA-knots, loops or folds, or to obtain information on the DNA-sequence. Similarly, DNA may be used as a local sensor. Employing single molecule fluorescence methods, we propose to make use of the physics of DNA denaturation nanoregions to find out

We investigate the dynamics of a single local denaturation zone in a DNA molecule, a so-called DNA bubble, in the presence of single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs). In particular, we develop a dynamical description of the process in terms of a two-dimensional master equation for the time evolution of the probability distribution of having a bubble of size m with n bound SSBs, for the case wh

We derive an expression for the polarizability of an ellipsoidally shaped cell-like structure at field frequencies where membrane molecular resonances (vibrational and electronic) are important. We first present analytical results for the dielectric function of a flat, dipole coupled, bilayer consisting of molecules with one prominent resonance frequency. Due to the nature of the dipole coupling t

In this paper we study the response of an ellipsoidal particle with a dielectrically anisotropic coating (the coating dielectric function being different parallel and perpendicular to the coating normal) placed in a constant external electric field. For the coating region we find that potential can be written in terms of solutions to a one-dimensional Heun's equation which is derived from the thre

We investigate the vdrift velocity vdrift of ellipsoidal polarizable particles (ellipsoids and coated ellipsoids), driven through a viscous fluid by an electric or electromagnetic field intensity gradient. At low Reynolds number and in the dipole approximation vdrift is proportional to the square of the principal axis along the direction of motion multiplied by a form factor, which is weakly depen

We study the process of charged polymer translocation, driven by an external electric potential, through a narrow pore in a membrane. We assume that the number of polymer segments, m, having passed the entrance pore mouth, is a slow variable governing the translocation process. Outside the pore the probability that there is an end segment at the entrance pore mouth, is taken as the relevant parame

In the current study we evaluated the structure of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) diagnostics in the Russian Federation. Patient effective doses, organ doses and corresponding radiation risks for the most common PET/CT examinations were evaluated. Data was collected in 12 regions of the Russian Federation in the period 2012-2017 in 19 facilities (26 PET/CT

The costimulatory receptor 4-1BB is expressed on activated immune cells, including activated T cells. Antibodies targeting 4-1BB enhance the proliferation and survival of antigen-stimulated T cells in vitro and promote CD8 T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity in pre-clinical cancer models. We found that T regulatory (Treg) cells infiltrating human or murine tumors expressed high amounts of 4-1BB.

Background: Loss of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) affects visual acuity during head movements. Previous studies have shown that compensatory eye-saccades improve visual acuity and that the timing of the saccade is important. Most of the tests involved in testing VOR are made with passive head movement, that do not necessarily reflect the activities of daily living and thus not being proportion

Microalgae are common members of the atmospheric microbial assemblages. Diverse airborne microorganisms are known to produce ice nucleation active (INA) compounds, which catalyze cloud and rain formation, and thus alter cloud properties and their own deposition patterns. While the role of INA bacteria and fungi in atmospheric processes receives considerable attention, the numerical abundance and t

Background-Patients with atherosclerosis have a high risk of cardiovascular events and death. Atherosclerosis is characterized by accumulation of lipids, cells and extracellular matrix proteins in the intima. We hypothesized that dysregulated remodeling of the basement membrane proteins may be associated with clinical outcomes in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods and Results-Neoepitope fragme

We present the development of a gas nozzle providing high-density gas at elevated temperatures inside a vacuum environment. Fused silica is used as the nozzle material to allow the placement of the nozzle tip in close proximity to an intense, high-power laser beam, while minimizing the risk of sputtering nozzle tip material into the vacuum chamber. Elevating the gas temperature increases the gas-j

Interventions that promote pro-environmental behaviours are increasingly necessary in reducing use of high-emissions goods and services to meet international climate change targets. Here we assess the greenhouse gas emissions reductions associated with behavioural interventions in three high-emitting domains (personal vehicle use, meat consumption, and household energy use) based on an analysis of

Rotational singularities inherent to three different geometric controllers on SE (3) are studied. A new singularity-free method of incrementally generating a reference rotation is proposed, removing a class of singularities without affecting proven stability properties of the closed-loop systems. If satisfying a bound on attitude rate and maximum loop rate in the reference generation, the proposed

We consider temperature stabilization of the phase-reference line at the European Spallation Source, a facility for neutron spallation currently under construction. Based on extensive modeling of the heat dynamics, a prototype model-based control system with associated hardware architecture is developed and experimentally evaluated on a small-scale setup. The results indicate that temperature stab

Big Data Applications (BDAs) manage so much data to require a cluster of machines for computation and storage. Their execution often has temporal constraints, such as deadlines to process the data. BDAs are executed within Big Data Frameworks (BDFs), that provide mechanisms to automatically manage the complexity of the computation distribution. For a BDA to fulfill its deadline when executed in a