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Breast density, defined as the proportion of breast tissue composed of dense fibroglandular tissue, is a crucial factor in assessing breast cancer risk and significantly impacts the visibility of lesions during mammography screening. We focus on distinguishing between high and low breast density by fine-tuning deep neural networks and on our joint deep and sparse approximation methodology. We eval
Urban vegetation is a critical nature-based solution for mitigating the urban heat island effect, yet its cooling efficacy on road surfaces varies spatially due to differences in vegetation type, structure, and local urban morphology. This study investigates the spatially varying nonlinear cooling effects of differentiated street greenery, including trees, shrubs, and grass, on land surface temper
Trace elements are persistent contaminants that enter bee diets through pollen, nectar, soil-derived particles and atmospheric deposition, yet field-based exposure data for pollinator taxa remain limited. We examined 18 trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, U, V, Zn) in pollen stored by managed western honey bees (Apis mellifera), buff-tailed bumble bees (Bomb
Background: Policy implications are seldom more than a paragraph or two at the end of empirical papers. The aim was therefore to explore social determinants of mental health across life through qualitative analysis of meta-synthesis of empirical publications from a 27-year school-leaver cohort. From the actionable empirical results, we suggest policies for primary prevention aimed at equitable men
Incretins such as glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) play crucial roles in postprandial glucose management. Glucagon-like-peptide 1 and GIP stimulate insulin release in conjunction with meals and are responsible for up to 75% of the insulin secretion. Incretins are therefore very important for maintenance of normal blood glucose levels. Dairy foo
Parametric uncertainty can hinder land surface models (LSM) from accurately simulating carbon fluxes, such as gross primary production (GPP). These models generally cannot capture inter–annual variability (IAV) of fluxes well due to missing processes, and temporally varying parameters can partially alleviate this limitation. We evaluated this assumption using two models: a light-use efficiency (LU
Amongst recent work on analogies between the epistemic and the moral domains, one interaction is absent: apologies. This paper aims to fill that gap. After providing some reasons for thinking that epistemic apologies already exist in our practices, we explore the phenomena of epistemic relationships and epistemic trust. These are then used to build an account of epistemic apologies where we sugges
Sweden faces persistent affordable housing shortages while simultaneously experiencing elevated office vacancy rates. Given that the building sector accounts for roughly one third of global energy demand and two fifths of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, adaptive reuse presents a promising strategy for mitigating emissions while addressing housing needs. This study investigated the greenho
Accurate mapping of aboveground biomass (AGB) in mountainous forests is essential for carbon stock assessment and ecological management, yet remains challenging due to the difficulty of linking local high-precision observations with regionally continuous coverage. To address this issue, we developed a hierarchical framework integrating local reference construction, UAV–GEDI bridging, footprint-lev
Objectives: Causes of pharyngotonsillitis in Africa, beyond Streptococcus pyogenes, are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the prevalence of S. pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Streptococcus dysgalacatiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) in children in The Gambia and evaluate the usefulness of clinical decision rules, originally developed for S. pyogenes or beta-haemolytic streptococci,
Background: Target volume and organ of interest (OOI) contouring and treatment planning for IDH-mutated gliomas CNS WHO grades 2 and 3 are subject to interindividual variation. We aimed to assess this variation and heighten delineation awareness as a quality assurance measure in the PRO-GLIO trial. Methods: Five experts established consensus delineations for target volumes and defined OOI in two I
Addressing the questions of this panel, this presentation critically examines the expanding extractivist frontiers in North Africa, driven by narratives of green transitions sustainable development. It explores the complex dynamics between renewable energy projects and local contestations led by environmental defenders and self-determination movements. The rapid growth of wind and solar infrastruc
Aims Surgeon and patient reluctance to participate are potential significant barriers to conducting placebo-controlled trials of orthopaedic surgery. Understanding the preferences of orthopaedic surgeons and patients regarding the design of randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCT-Ps) of knee procedures can help to identify what RCT-P features will lead to the greatest participation. This informa
Objectives To determine development of new and worsening meniscal damage over 5 years after acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury comparing rehabilitation plus early ACL reconstruction (’early-ACLR’) versus rehabilitation with optional delayed ACL reconstruction (’optional-delayed-ACLR’). Methods We used knee MRIs from the only randomised controlled trial in the field including 121 young a
Knee osteoarthritis affects 40% of people during their lifetime, significantly impacting societies worldwide. Its molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood and variable clinical phenotypes suggest it may be more than one disease. We established Synovial fluid To detect Endotypes by Unbiased Proteomics in OA (STEpUP OA) to search for molecular endotypes in knee OA synovial fluid, and to reve
This paper examines how Takituduh Bunun (Austronesian: Taiwan) encodes translocative motion, using the framework of Holistic Spatial Semantics. Based on elicited field data, we identify key lexical and grammatical resources, including motion verbs, a productive motion prefix (u-), and the locative voice. These interact flexibly to express basic semantic categories such as Path, Direction, Manner,
This paper discusses the grammatical and semantic properties ofverbalizing lexical affixes in Takituduh Bunun (Austronesian, Taiwan), arguing thatthese lexical affixes are the overt realization of the category-assigning head v, while thenominal stems of these lexical prefixes are reduced nPs, rather than full DPs. The paperdescribes the argument structure and transitivity pattern of these verbaliz
