BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies provide strong evidence for a role of endogenous sex hormones in the aetiology of breast cancer. The aim of this analysis was to identify genetic variants that are associated with urinary sex-hormone levels and breast cancer risk.METHODS: We carried out a genome-wide association study of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide levels in 560

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has been shown to decrease with longer duration of oral contraceptive preparations (OCPs) use. While the effects of OCPs in the general population are well established (∼50% reduction), the estimated risk reduction in mutation carriers is much less precise due to potential bias and small sample sizes. In addition, only a few stud

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer have identified 16 and 27 risk regions, respectively, four of which overlap between the two cancers. We aimed to identify joint endometrial and ovarian cancer risk loci by performing a meta-analysis of

Chronic prurigo (CPG) is a highly burdensome pruritic disease characterized by chronic itch, a prolonged scratching behavior and the development of localized or generalized hyperkeratotic pruriginous lesions. Neuronal sensitization and the development of an itch-scratch cycle contribute to the augmentation of pruritus and the chronicity of the disease. We provide here the first international guide

Chronic nodular prurigo is characterized by recalcitrant itch. Patient perspectives on therapeutic goals, satisfaction with therapy and efficacy of therapeutic regimens for this condition are unknown. This questionnaire study examined these issues in 406 patients with chronic nodular prurigo from 15 European dermatological centres. Improvements in itch, skin lesions and sleep were the most importa

BACKGROUND: Itch is a common symptom in the general population. Affected individuals often do not seek medical consultation and rely on Internet searches to obtain information regarding their itch.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to attain insights into common concerns of the general population regarding itch can by analysing itch-related Internet search behaviour.METHODS: Google AdWords Keyw

Komplekse demonstrativer består av et definitt element, f.eks. den eller sa, og et deiktisk element som kan betegne det nære (proksimal, f.eks. her) eller det fjerne (distal: der). Slike komplekse demonstrativer tar ulike uttrykk i norsk, ikke minst i dialektene, der vi finner systemer som kan være til dels ganske ulike de to norske standardvarietetene. Vi finner systemer med flere distinksjoner e

Apprenticeship training in Sweden and many other European countries goes back to the middle ages. Yet, this special model of vocational education still attracts significant interest due to the challenges young people face in preparing to enter the current labour market. This is obvious both in Sweden and in other comparable countries. The apprenticeship model is primarily promoted as achieving twoApprenticeship training in Sweden and many other European countries goes back to the middle ages. Yet, this special model of vocational education still attracts significant interest due to the challenges young people face in preparing to enter the current labour market. This is obvious both in Sweden and in other comparable countries. The apprenticeship model is primarily promoted as achieving two

Silver particle-free inks display immense superiority and potential over silver nanoparticle-based inks in the aspect of synthesis, flexibility and low-temperature processing, which has attracted considerable research interest as an alternative for fabricating conductive structures in recent years. Although recent research on silver particle-free inks has led to beneficial results, there are still

A more collaborative, interdisciplinary, open, transparent and reproducible science begins to be required by Public Funding Agencies along the world. This contribution explains how a real project funded by the European Commission and researching in six innovative photovoltaic solutions, has embraced concepts of Open Science to foster innovation in our sector. In this paper we mainly focus on the c

2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9, 9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), the prevalent organic hole transport material used in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite-absorber solar cells, relies on an uncontrolled oxidative process to reach appreciable conductivity. This work presents the use of a dicationic salt of spiro-OMeTAD, named spiro(TFSI)2, as a facile means of

A method for achieving complete pore-filling in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells termed melt-infiltration is presented: after the customary solution-processed deposition of spiro-OMeTAD, the device is heated above the glass transition temperature of spiro-OMeTAD to soften the material and allow capillary action to pull additional spiro-OMeTAD from the overlayer reservoir into the pores. The

High solubility is a requirement for energy relay dyes (ERDs) to absorb a large portion of incident light and significantly improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Two benzonitrile-soluble ERDs, BL302 and BL315, were synthesized, characterized, and resulted in a 65% increase in the efficiency of TT1-sensitized DSSCs. The high solubility (180 mM) of these ERDs allows for absor

Introduction of a naphthalocyanine moiety to phthalocyanine allows for a gradual red shift of the absorption spectrum in the resulting chromophore. Using silicon as a core atom allows for the introduction of additional siloxane side chains which mitigate dye aggregation. A dye-sensitized solar cell with this hybrid sensitizer exhibits a broad and flat IPCE of 80% between 600 and 750 nm and high ph

Flat titanium dioxide films, to be used as the acceptor layer in bilayer hybrid solar cell devices, were prepared by spray-pyrolysis and by spin-casting. Both preparation methods resulted in anatase titania films with similar optical and electronic properties but considerably different film morphologies. Spray pyrolysis resulted in dense TiO2 films grown onto and affected by the surface roughness

Interfacial charge separation in hybrid solar cells depends on both the energetic alignment and electronic coupling between the inorganic and organic semiconducting materials at the hetero interface. In the present work, bilayer solar cells comprising the small molecular semiconducting dye TDCV-TPA (tris-(thienylene-vinylene)-triphenylamine) and dense titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were investigate

Two hole conductor materials, spiro-OMeTAD and P3HT, were compared in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Two organic dyes containing one anchor unit (D35) or two anchor units (M3) were used in the comparison. Absorbed photon to current conversion efficiency close to unity was obtained for the devices with spiro-OMeTAD. Energy conversion efficiencies of 4.7% and 4.9% were measured for the devi