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The Black Scholes Merton (BSM) contingent claims approach to modeling corporate default risk entails mapping a distance to default (DD) to a probability of default (PD) in application. To accomplish this, the research community typically assumes a normal distribution. The authors question the practical relevancy of such research, since the BSM contingent claims approach most commonly used in pract

Issue of study: A forecasted increase in energy demand and consumption, together with a decrease of existing oil and gas reserves, has led the oil and gas producers to new areas beyond the conventional oil and gas regions. The Arctic, an area mainly located north of the Arctic Circle, is believed to hold very large potential of the world’s yet-to-be discovered oil and gas reserves. In addition, th

This paper looks at strategic responses to climate change mitigation of electricity distribution companies in the National Electricity Market in Australia. The work uses institutional theory, resource dependence theory and aspects of stakeholder management theories and dynamic capabilities theory to describe and analyse current strategies of distribution companies in response to climate change mit

As a developing country, government of Bangladesh took many initiatives using ICT to improve public service in the platform of e-governance. Currently, m-governance is leveraging the e-governance by a wide range of government initiated services in the context of Public Private Partnership (PPP). Mobile-governance services are designed, based on mobile sms, IVR system and interactive applications.

Försäkringsbolag har i fråga om personförsäkringar rätt att ålägga försäkringstagaren en rad biförpliktelser. En av dessa är biträdandeplikten, vilken förpliktigar försäkringstagaren att lämna de uppgifter som krävs för att behandla en ansökan om sjuk- och olycksfallsförsäkring eller för att reglera ett redan inträffat försäkringsfall. Förpliktelsen kan bestå av att besöka de läkare som försäkring

The usual terrestrial optical astronomy is focused on observing vertically through the atmosphere. When traveling through the atmosphere, the light coming from distant objects gets distorted by the turbulent atmosphere due to varying refractive indices. The effects varies with time and causes position shifts, size changes and intensity variations in an image. The closer to the ground that the ligh

Plasmor brukar kallas för det fjärde aggregationstillståndet. En gas som är helt eller delvis joniserad är ett plasma. På jorden förekommer plasmor naturligt enbart i blixten och i norrsken, i rymden finns de i stjärnvindar, solflarer, stjärnatmosfärer, nebulosor och i det interstellära mediet. I det här arbetet undersöktes emissionslinjer från kvicksilver, barium och krypton för att fastställa viSpectral lines from mercury, barium and krypton were investigated to determine the excitation processes efficient in a low pressure plasma The light from a fluorescent light tube will be dispersed by a Czerny-Turner spectrograph and recorded by an ICCD camera. A matlab script was used to cut out the wanted spectral line and integrate the intensity from left to right up and down over the spectral l

Shopping malls are a global phenomenon, and as such they reach a degree of local iconicity simply by being malls. One of the main roles shopping malls play in our everyday lives is nurturing social interactions. Shopping malls have been portrayed by many scholars as places where people go to practice consumer religion (Fiske, 1989; Ritzer, 1999; Zepp, 1997), prime temples which glorify consumption

Our main findings are that Swedish cross-border M&A’s on average perform positively around the announcement of cross-border M&A’s, which is contrary to previous studies. Furthermore, we also find cultural distance to positively impact the announcement effect of cross-border M&A’s, also contradictive to previous findings. However, we cannot ensure that cultural distance itself affects t

För att ett varumärkesintrång skall föreligga krävs att varumärkesanvändningen sker i näringsverksamhet. Det innebär således att all privat användning av ett varumärke faller utanför lagens tillämpningsområde. Detta medför att det står envar fritt att på Internet använda annans registrerade varumärke för att exempelvis nå ut med åsiktsyttringar eller på annat sätt använda ett registrerat varumärke

Based on the findings of the Ingroup Allocation Model (IAM), which suggests that people use evaluative communication to form and maintain groups and as a result increase the individuals’ inclusive fitness, we present the Dark Past & Bright Future (DPBF) hypothesis. This framework suggests that people use positive evaluative statements to induce behaviors that are consistent with the speakers’

Förändras mikroorganismers ”samhällsstrukturer” över säsongen? Överallt i marken finns det mikroorganismer som servar växterna med näring, både i form av att de hjälper till att ta upp näring och dela med sig av, och genom att de bryter ner dött material och därmed gör näring tillgänglig. Jag har ställt mig frågan om mikroorganismer i jorden varierar i mängd, sammansättning och aktivitet över säAbstract Seasonal variation in microbial community composition was investigated from early spring tillautumn alonga sandy grasslandslope with variation in soil moisture, vegetation composition and nutrient availability.The testedhypotheses were:(1) the microbial community composition will change with theseason,(2) microbial biomassis highestin spring,(3) saprotrophic fungi will be more abundantin

There are many good practice examples in sustainable tourism, but the difficulty is how they can be transparently measured, monitored and disseminated. The study aims to develop a measurement system for good practice in sustainable tourism, meanwhile to make some contribution to the monitoring and reporting system. In order to accomplish this, the thesis allocates good practice examples into a Sus

This thesis adds a new perspective to the issue of firm valuation by introducing the discussion of how to assess the marginal value of ownership. Which are the determinants of the marginal value of subsidiary ownership? How can a company that wants to assess the marginal value of its subsidiary holding perform the valuation? How does the value of flexibility to act on different outcomes of an unce

Syftet med examensarbetet är att skapa en modell för kunskapshöjande konsultföretags arbete med att leverera tjänster till byggbranschen. Efter skapandet testas och appliceras modellen på ett fallföretag för att utvärderas. Metoden bygger på tre steg med start i en verklighet som består av kunskapshöjande konsulter och byggbranschen. Steg ett består av informationsinsamling från teorier, befintlig

Investment in renewable energy sources for military purposes is to dramatically increase in the coming years due to tactical, geopolitical, economic and environmental reasons. Major military powers have started to explore various opportunities for alternative liquid fuels while small countries are facing multiple barriers. The Military of Lithuania has been chosen as a research object to reveal wh

The aim of this project was to investigate the work of paramedics and to realize the need for improvement in their practice by identifying possible means of enhancing their equipment. I began this project by conducting extensive research on the subject and sought to improve my understanding of the knowledge I gained from this by conducting a series of field studies. These field studies helped me t

Ecosystem services that people depend upon for their well-being are being lost at an alarming rate. These services include the provisioning of natural resources, food, medicine, flood protection, climate regulation, water purification, and biodiversity retention. In the U.S., the main threat to these services comes from the rapid pace of land conversion. In just a twenty- year period, an area the