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Renewable energy (RE) progress in the Middle East and North Africa has been varied, and is affected by multiple factors. This thesis investigates the current status of RE for 13 countries in the Arab region. An initial hypothesis proposes that price is not the only or main driver. Literature and interviews with participants from Arab government, regulators, funding partners, and industry inform to
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Cellerna i kroppen speciella cellmembran som består till största delen av protein och lipider och kolhydrater. Det finns flera sorts lipider, de består av en huvudgrupp som kan ha olika laddning och som är hydrofil, vilket innebär att den är vatten älskande samt en eller flera kolsvansar som är hydrfoba, det vill säga, ogillar vatten. Dessa lipiderna kommer organThe purpose of this study was to understand cardiolipins behavior in different pH: 5.5, 7 and 9. Cardiolipins miscibility in other bilayers as 1,2-dimyrilstoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) were also studied. The instrument used in this study was a differential scanning calorimetry. The conclusions that could be drawn from the scans were tha
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Aerosoler är små partiklar i luften. Partiklarna är uppbyggda av föreningar som kommer från till exempel bilavgaser eller vedeldning. Föreningarna kan också bildas på naturlig väg i växter och avges då främst sommartid. Smog i storstäder är ett tydligt exempel där höga koncentrationer av aerosoler orsakar både försämrad sikt och hälsorisker. En del av aerosolparIn this study 12 organics acids that are common in aerosols were analyzed. Of them there were seven aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (C3-C9). Also pinonic acid, pinic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were analyzed. All the 19 samples were taken at Vavihill background station at Söderåsen between 2009-12-13 and 2010-11-03. The samples were collected with a PM10-sampler on qu
The following work presents a theoretical model for evaluating the eective correlation time, e, in regards to surfactants in lamellar phase, by focusing on nuclear spin relaxation processes. The dynamics of the C-H bonds is studied through a specic form of the autocorrelation function, g( ), which undergoes a plateau region at intermediate time-scales equals to the square of the order parameter, S
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Microgelpartiklar är runda partiklar som har förmågan att ändra storlek beroende på olika yttre påverkan. I detta projekt har vi tittat på partiklar som blir upp till 10 gånger mindre när temperaturen höjs från 15˚C till 39˚C. Detta beror på att det nätverk som partiklarna är uppbyggda börjar ogilla lösningsmedlet när temperaturen höjs och hellre vill vara nära sMicrogel particles have been widely investigated for their ability to undergo a volume phase transition due to different stimuli such as solvent quality, pH or salt addition. Their ability to reversibly change their size and thus the volume fraction makes them suitable to perform thorough studies on intra and inter‐particle interactions and various phase transitions. In this research work we show
In this thesis a bridge with main girders of steel and a bridge deck made out of glulam is studied. The bridge is compared with an existing composite bridge built in Kalix, Sweden. Initially both bridge solutions are presented and some detail descriptions is presented for the bridge with the glulam deck. A short description of the finite element method is given together with the main equations for
A stress ribbon bridge is a kind of suspension bridge, which finds its roots in a very old bridge type, namely the rope bridge. Compared to a rope bridge, the stress ribbon bridge has a reinforced concrete slab. This has bending rigidity and significant weight, which eliminates the flexibility that is typical of rope bridges and provides stability and rigidity such that the bridge also can be used
In this exam paper the question of the meaning of 1 Cor 7:36-38 is addressed, a passage containing one case in which marriage is recommended and one in which it is not. To answer the question linguistic, literary and historical analyses are performed within the framework of an evaluation of eight proposed interpretations of the passage. In the first interpretation, labeled (A), the unspecified mal
How is violence percieved? How society and the legal system perceive violence is the key issue in this essay. In court there are different people that all have their own view of how they percieved the violence presentad in the case. The meaning of the used violence and the impact on the target is experienced differently depending on wich role each person take in the violence. Since the experience
Popular science General introduction Two main activities take place into forests: photosynthesis, or GPP (the uptake of CO2 by plants, which leads to their growth) and respiration (the release of CO2 by those plants). The Net Ecosystem Exchange NEE is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration, and it depends on the nature of the forests and on climate particularities. With the ongoing This study shows how six different European forests react during the summer to abnormally warm temperatures, from 1996 to 2006. With the forecasted increase of summer temperatures over Europe, the carbon balance of forests – photosynthesis (GPP), ecosystem respiration and Net Ecosystem Exchange - in likely to change. In this thesis, the photosynthesis and the respiration of six European forests w
Two kinds of order restricted methods, isotonic regression and taut strings are used in this paper to model brainstem auditory responses in Alzheimer disease. It is shown that the two methods present similar result but taut string method is faster in practical use. Residual bootstrap technique is also used to help analyze features. Order restricted methods are versatile and help in the identificat
Rapporten är en sammanställning av ett kandidatarbete, huvudsakligen utförd som en ”Minor Field Study” i Kumasi, Ghana och i samarbete med WASHCost. WASHCost är ett pågående internationellt forskningsprojekt med holländska IRC som initiativtagare. Genom att använda data, insamlad av forskare från WASHCost i Ghana har jag undersökt vilka kostnadsdrivare som kan användas för att förutsäga kostnadernUsing data gathered by researchers from WASHCost project in Ghana, this thesis examines how cost drivers can be used to predict capital expenditure for construction of piped water systems for small towns in Ghana. The data is collected from 45 small towns and communities in peri-urban areas in the Volta, Ashanti and Northern region. I have used correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis
Strandskyddslagstiftningen och allemansrätten är unika globalt sett. Strandskyddets syfte är att bevara den goda livsmiljön för växter och djur samt att trygga förutsättningarna för allmänhetens tillgång till kusterna. 1 juli 2009 trädde den förändrade strandskyddslagstiftningen i kraft. De huvudsakliga målen med förändringen var enligt propositionen att främja utvecklingen i landsbygden med god tShoreline protection law and the right of commons are unique from a global perspective. The purpose of the shoreline protection law is to promote and maintain a good habitat for plants and animals and to secure the basis for the public's access to the coastline. On the 1st of July 2009 the new and changed shoreline protection law took effect. The main purpose of the change was to promote rura
In recent years the use of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in the construction industry has increased dramatically. In the current situation, many of the major players use BIM both in the design and production phase. What remains is to explore is how BIM can be used in property management. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out which information the contractor must put in the BIM mo
The flow of information must be more effective to optimize and improve the supply chain process. For the two case studies, there is a portal that manages the information. The contractor provides documents that the provider needs to submit quotation for a project purchase. All the handling of documents is made in the portal but the quote is sent by e-mail back to the contractor. For a purchase by c
Denna uppsats utreder konkurrensrättens relation till läkemedelspatent och den eviga dragkampen mellan original- och generikatillverkare. Läkemedelssektorn är ett område där starka intressen och ekonomiska krafter styr. Patentet är centralt och nödvändigt för att privata parter ska få incitament till forskning och utveckling. Samtidigt är det nödvändigt att originalläkemedel efter en viss tids eThis thesis investigates the competition rules’ relationship to pharmaceutical patents and describes the tug-of-war between originators and generics. The pharmaceutical sector is governed by strong interests and economic forces. The patent is key and necessary for the creation of incentives for private actors to pursue in research and development. At the same time it is essential that patent pro
The purpose of this paper is to test for the goodness-of-fit of the term structure models for the short-term interest rate in Sweden. The study period ranges from February 1, 2002 to March 31, 2012. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the models and the likelihood ratio test is applied to perform a comparison among the models. The implication of empirical results can be summarized as
