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We show that the common claim that internal validity should be understood as prior to external validity has, at least, three epistemologically problematic aspects: experimental artefacts, the implications of causal relations, and how the mechanism is measured. Each aspect demonstrates how important external validity is for the internal validity of the experimental result.
Heat Transfer topics are commonly of a very complex nature. Often different mechanisms like heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, and non-linear phenomena, such as temperature-dependent thermophysical properties, and phase changes occur simultaneously. New developments in numerical solution methods of partial differential equations and access to high-speed, efficient and cheap computers
This chapter addresses different aspects of the relationship between pretend play and creativity. The first part consists of a critical discussion of definitions of creativity and attempts to apply them to dif-ferent kinds of pretend play, which demonstrates how often definitions of creativity are best applied to adult creativity, despite the fact that many people—at least, laypeople—hold the view
Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodbildande stamceller förekommer i mänsklig benmärg i en frekvens på ca 1/100 000 celler. Med hjälp av cellytemarkörer, t.ex. CD34, kan man rena fram cellpopulationer som är anrikade på stamceller, men det saknas exakt kunskap om hur enskilda stamceller ser ut. De blodbildande stamcellerna har förmåga att vid celldelning antingen förnya sig själva eller att mogna ut. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capacity to maintain hematopoiesis throughout life. HSCs are ideal targets for permanent gene transfer, as the transgene will be expressed in all the progeny of the gene-modified stem cells. The aim of this thesis was to optimize conditions for retroviral gene transfer to human candidate HSCs and to study mechanisms interfering with efficient gene transfer.
Abstract in German Der Esssay behandelt Fakten und Phantasien und lässt dabei die Linien zwischen beiden Genres ineinander laufen - so wie historische Romane, Dramen und Opern tatsächlich arbeiten. Die Motive sind unterschiedlich, dienen aber meist einer interpretativen Verdeutlichung zum besseren Verständnis einer aktuellen Problemkonstellation. Mitunter werden aber auch Dramen oder Opern - nicht
Despite the recognised importance of the concept of acceptance, how and why new technologies are actually accepted by drivers is not well understood. While many studies claim to have measured acceptance, few have defined what it is. The chapter points out the importance of defining acceptance and categorizes the definitions that have been used according to their “essence” and the various dimension
