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Maternally inherited parasites are known to impose a wide variety of reproductive manipulations upon their host. These often produce strong selection on the host to suppress the parasite, resulting in a reduction in the frequency of the parasite. However, in the butterfly Hypolimnas bolina, infected with a Wolbachia bacterium, field data demonstrate that suppression of the male-killing phenotype d
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Sex-ratio distorters are found in numerous species and can reach high frequencies within populations. Here, we address the compelling, but poorly tested, hypothesis that the sex ratio bias caused by such elements profoundly alters their host's mating system. We compare aspects of female and male reproductive biology between island populations of the butterfly Hypolimnas bolina that show varying de
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Ultrafiltration can be used to concentrate arabinoxylan isolated from wheat bran. Prefiltration with diatomaceous earth and air sparging during ultrafiltration of the alkaline hemicellulose solution were both found to increase the flux, while nitrogen sparging had no effect. The flux of the untreated solution was 51 L/m2 h, while the flux after prefiltration of the solution with diatomaceous earth
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Native γ-trace, a small basic protein present in high concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, semen and neuroendocrine cells, but of unknown biological function, is shown to be a potent inhibitor of the cysteine proteinases papain, ficin, and human cathepsins B, H and L. It proves to be the tightest-binding protein inhibitor of cathepsin B so far discovered. The name cystatin C is proposed for γ-tra
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The blood serum concentrations of creatinine and the low molecular weight proteins cystatin C, beta 2-microglobulin and retinol-binding protein were measured in 106 patients whose glomerular filtration rates were assessed by Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-clearance determinations. The reciprocals of the serum concentrations of creatinine, cystatin C and beta 2-microglobulin were closely cor
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The invasion of the native wet forests of the tropical oceanic island of Tahiti (French Polynesia, South Pacific) by miconia, Miconia calvescens DC. (Melastomataceae), a tree introduced as an ornamental plant in 1937, has caused the decline of many endemic plant species following the drastic decrease of the light in the understory. Among them, the small dioiceous tree Myrsine longifolia Nadeaud (M