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PURPOSE: At ∼3 years of age ∼50% of the children born with cleft palate present with phonological/articulatory difficulties. Differences between children with and without cleft palate have been reported to decline with age; however, the phonology in children with cleft palate at pre-school age/early school age has rarely been explored. The purpose of this study was to assess phonology in children

In the wake of the current environmental crisis, scholars of late antique Christianity are beginning to study Christian attitudes towards the natural world. How did the early Christians relate to their environment? This article explores perceptions of trees, surveying the writings of Tertullian, Basil of Caesarea, and Sozomen the historian. What did an arboreal plant do, according to patristic aut

Background: Multi-country studies assessing the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as defined by WHO Standards, are lacking.Methods: Women who gave birth in 12 countries of the WHO European Region from March 1, 2020 - March 15, 2021 answered an online questionnaire, including 40 WHO Standard-based Quality Measures.Findings: 21,027 mothers were included in the

We show that tree-like resolution is not automatable in time no(log n) unless ETH is false. This implies that, under ETH, the algorithm given by Beame and Pitassi (FOCS 1996) that automates tree-like resolution in time no(log n) is optimal. We also provide a simpler proof of the result of Alekhnovich and Razborov (FOCS 2001) that unless the fixed parameter hierarchy collapses, tree-like resolution

Models estimate that up to 80% of all butterfly and moth species host vertically transmitted endosymbiotic microorganisms, which can affect the host fitness, metabolism, reproduction, population dynamics, and genetic diversity, among others. The supporting empirical data are however currently highly biased towards the generally more colourful butterflies, and include less information about moths.

Understanding how the anatomy of the human brain constrains and influences the formation of large-scale functional networks remains a fundamental question in neuroscience. Here, given measured brain activity in gray matter, we interpolate these functional signals into the white matter on a structurally-informed high-resolution voxel-level brain grid. The interpolated volumes reflect the underlying

Background: Data regarding the impact of preheart failure (HF) comorbidities on the prognosis of HF are scarce, especially in the younger HF patients. Objectives: To investigate pre-existing comorbidities in HF patients versus matched controls and to assess their impact on mortality. Methods: We included all first-time in-hospital and outpatient diagnoses of HF from 1995 to 2017, and comorbidities

Epidemiological studies have found that there is a correlation between red and processed meat consumption and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. There are numerous existing hypotheses on what underlying mechanisms are causative to this correlation, but the results remain unclear. A common hypothesis is that lipid oxidation, which occurs in endogenous lipids and phospholipids in consumed food,

Active ageing (AA) policies aim to improve quality of life of older people by enabling better social participation and inclusion. Despite many international initiatives to promote AA undertaken in recent years, Italy did not systematically address this policy challenge until very recently. This paper presents the first national Plan-of-Action (PoA) (2019–2022) adopted by this country for supportin

Ventilation/perfusion tomography (V/P SPECT) is recommended as the firsthand tool for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) based on standardized technology and new holistic interpretation criteria. Pre-test probability helps clinicians to choose the most appropriate objective test for diagnosis or exclusion of PE. Interpretation takes into account all ventilation and perfusion patterns allowing fo