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In this work, an optimisation algorithm is employed to calibrate a quasi-brittle phase-field cohesive zone model against notched three-point bending experiments on bovine cortical bone using the force vs crack mouth opening displacement data. Calibration is performed both for individual specimens, to quantify parameter variability, and for groups of specimens from the same subject and crack propag
The growth of e-commerce has transformed consumer shopping patterns and reshaped travel behaviour, yet knowledge is limited regarding how different delivery options interact with individual mobility in everyday life. This study analysed how delivery options, trip characteristics, and socio-demographic and spatial factors relate to e-commerce activity travel and the degree of consumer involvement i
Introduction: Same-day discharge after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing, but the optimal anaesthetic technique for outpatient pathways remains uncertain. Neuraxial anaesthesia is widely recommended based on observational evidence, whereas fast-track programmes using short-acting total intravenous anaesthesia may facilitate early mobilisation and
Background: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications including sequencing rely on thermostable DNA polymerases and their ability to generate accurate amplicons. Polymerization errors may hinder the detection of low-level DNA variants such as mutations in clinical samples or DNA from minor contributors in crime scene traces with DNA from multiple individuals. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers a
We present a topology optimization framework for anisotropic elastoplastic structures based on a new deformation plasticity formulation derived directly from Hill’s yield criterion. Conventional incremental elastoplastic approaches in topology optimization, while accurate, are computationally demanding due to their path-dependent nature and the need to store internal variables over multiple load s
Pesticide use is expanding rapidly across sub-Saharan Africa, while regulatory oversight and public protection structures remain weak, leaving smallholder farmers exposed to mounting health and environmental risks. In response, agrochemical industry actors have launched ‘safe use’ initiatives that emphasize training and personal protective equipment as evidence of corporate responsibility. This paPesticide use is expanding rapidly across sub-Saharan Africa, while regulatory oversight and public protection structures remain weak, leaving smallholder farmers exposed to mounting health and environmental risks. In response, agrochemical industry actors have launched ‘safe use’ initiatives that emphasize training and personal protective equipment as evidence of corporate responsibility. This pa
BACKGROUND: – Optimal analgesia after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains uncertain. This trial evaluated whether adding ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) and iliohypogastric nerve blocks (IHGNBs) to standardized multimodal analgesia improves postoperative analgesia after THA. METHODS: – In total, 215 patients undergoing THA were randomized to receive PENG plus IHGNB or no block.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), predominantly neutrophil granulocytes, are key components of the innate immune system that eliminate invading pathogens through phagocytosis and clear apoptotic cells through efferocytosis. Beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) is best known as the light chain of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I), where it is required for antigen presentation to CD8⁺ T cell
This thesis investigates quantum dynamics induced in atoms by ultrashort pulses of light. The work is motivated by recent developments in free-electron lasers, which generate ultrashort pulses of intense, coherent light and enable coherent control of quantum dynamics. We develop theoretical models to study the processes of absorption and emission in laser-atom interactions. Additionally, we study
The increasing demand for advances in efficient electrochemical (EC) energy conversion requires a fundamental understanding of the EC interface, which is challenging to study in situ. High-resolution ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in combination with an EC cell, has been used in a dip-and-pull approach to study the EC oxidation of a Au(111) model electrode during oxidation and
Elucidating the spatiotemporal dynamics and primary controls of flow and sediment processes (FSP) is essential for sustainable water-soil resource management in inland river basins within agro-pastoral ecotones (IRB-APE). This study refined the Soil and Water Assessment Tool with a time-segmented dynamic parameter adjustment strategy to simulate runoff and sediment dynamics under varying radiative
Ptychography with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic source has emerged as a key technique for non-destructive microscopic imaging. However, achieving both high resolution and a large field of view in ptychographic imaging necessitates long scan times and vast data volumes. Here, we report a wavelength-multiplexed multi-beam ptychography that fully leverages the intrinsic spectral discreteness o
Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is treated with shunt surgery, but long-term monitoring of shunt function and complications remains challenging. Traditional radiological measures such as the Evans index lack sensitivity for detecting subtle longitudinal ventricular changes. Ventricular volumetry may provide a more precise method, but prospective long-term data are scarc
P-wave indices derived from the surface electrocardiogram are increasingly used as markers of atrial cardiomyopathy and predictors of atrial fibrillation and stroke. Their widespread adoption has been driven by automated ECG analysis, enabling large-scale studies and integration into clinical workflows. However, this expansion has occurred without sufficient scrutiny of the methodological assumpti
The impact of salvage radiotherapy (SRT) on overall survival (OS) in patients experiencing biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer remains an area of active investigation. The international multicenter PROMISE registry provides a valuable dataset to explore the association between SRT and long-term clinical outcomes in this patient population (NCT06320223). Methods: Comprehensive restaging
Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a central mediator in migraine and an endogenous vasodilator in the trigeminovascular system. Its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), remains uncertain, particularly in patients receiving CGRP-targeted migraine therapy at the time of hemorrhage. This study examined whether CGRP blockade administered shortly before experimental SAH affects ou
Malvina Kummu, ombudsman på Sveriges universitetslärare och forskare (SULF), intervjuar Anders Kjellberg (sociologiska institutionen, Lunds universitet) om den svenska arbetsmarknadsmodellen. Han varnar för "den dubbla nedgången", att både den fackliga organisationsgraden (andelen anställda som är med i facket) och andelen medlemmar som har ett fackligt förtroendeuppdrag på sin arbetsplats i de fl
Recombining regions of sex chromosomes, pseudoautosomal regions (PARs), are essential for proper segregation of the sex chromosome pair during meiosis. Yet, the evolutionary dynamics of PARs remain poorly understood, particularly in relation to chromosomal translocation and fusion events. Using comparative analyses of enlarged neo-sex chromosomes across Sylvioidea songbirds, we show that the ances
