This tutorial will describe the field of high-order harmonics in gases, including attosecond pulse generation. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America

Approximately 50% of Sweden's electricity is produced by hydropower. This makes energy production in the country vulnerable to factors affecting water availability. Research has shown a positive correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and hydropower production in Norway and northern Sweden during winter months. The correlation is, however, weaker in southern Sweden, which indicate

Probiotics are Live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host. The composition of the microflora in the gastrointestinal tract is rather constant in healthy subjects, but is easily disturbed by severe illness and the use of antibiotics. The intestinal barrier that separates the luminal contents, with a very high density of microorganisms, from an almost sterile milieu in the gut wall

In vitro cultured brain tumour cells are indispensable tools for drug screening and therapeutic development. Serum-free culture conditions tentatively preserve the features of the original tumour, but commonly comprise neurosphere propagation, which is a technically challenging procedure. Here, we define a simple, non-expensive and reproducible serum-free cell culture protocol for establishment an

Caveolae are membrane organelles that play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and in vascular function. Formation of caveolae requires caveolins and cavins. The make-up of caveolae and their density is considered to reflect cell-specific transcriptional control mechanisms for caveolins and cavins, but knowledge regarding regulation of caveolae genes is incomplete. Myocardin (MYOCD) and its rela

Although several models have been suggested in the literature to describe the relationship between learning and forgetting, this relationship is still not fully understood. This paper proposes the Depletion-Power-Integration-Latency (DPIL) model, which assumes that performing a task repetitively depletes the available encoding resources for that task. The DPIL model fitted five empirical datasets

BACKGROUND: The use of dietary fibre in bread products is increasing because of consumer demand for healthier products. However, an increase in dietary fibre level changes the rheological properties of the dough and also the quality properties of the final bread product. In this study, effects on dough and bread staling were followed after replacing 3% of wheat flour by fibre-rich additives (fine

A case study on the analysis of evacuation travel paths in virtual reality (VR) tunnel fire experiments is presented to increase the understanding on evacuation behaviour. A novel method based on the study of the parametric equations of the occupants’ evacuation travel paths using vector operators inspired by functional analysis theory and the new concept of interaction areas (IAs) is introduced.

The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary similar to 65.5 million years ago marks one of the three largest mass extinctions in the past 500 million years. The extinction event coincided with a large asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, and occurred within the time of Deccan flood basalt volcanism in India. Here, we synthesize records of the global stratigraphy across this boundary to assess the proposed

Abstract Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical diagnosis. If no signs of strangulation are evident, the majority of the patients can be conservatively managed. Approximately one third of the patients need surgical treatment and there is a need for early parameters that can predict operative intervention. The etiology of SBO in most cases is postoperative abdominal adhesion

Kagera is one of the 22 regions of Tanzania mainland, which has witnessed a decline in HIV prevalence during the past two decades; decreasing from 24% in 1987 to 4.7 in 2009 in the urban district of Bukoba. Access to social capital, both structural and cognitive, might have played a role in this development. The aim was to examine the association between individual structural and cognitive social

Experimental measurements of the adiabatic burning velocity in methane + hydrogen + air flames using the Heat Flux method are presented. The hydrogen content in the fuel was varied from 0 to 20%. Non-stretched flames were stabilized on a perforated plate burner from 20 to 100 kPa. The equivalence ratio was varied from 0.8 to 1.4. Adiabatic burning velocities of CH4 + H-2 + air mixtures were found

This study aimed to assess the impact of the current economic crisis on mortality trends in Spain and its effect on social inequalities in mortality in Andalusia. We used data from vital statistics and the Population Register for 1999 to 2011, as provided by the Spanish Institute of Statistics, to estimate general and sex- and age-specific mortality rates. The Longitudinal Database of the Andalusi

Det är dags att acceptera jättelokan i den svenska floran. Det anser botanikern Lars Fröberg. Växten har varit bannlyst i Sverige under mer än ett kvartssekel.

This paper considers the solution of weighted interpolation problems in model subspaces of the Hardy space H-2 that are canonically isometric to Paley-Wiener spaces of analytic functions A new necessary and sufficient condition is given on the set of interpolation points which guarantees that a solution in H-2 can be transferred to a solution in a model space. The techniques used rely on the repro

We present detailed low-temperature transport measurements of a single quantum dot formed in an InGaAs/InP heterostructure with a strong tunnel coupling to the source and drain leads. The conventional spin-1/2 Kondo effect is observed for the quantum dot in the N = 9 charge state. By changing the voltages applied to the quantum dot barrier gates, we find a zero-field splitting of the Kondo resonan