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Membrane processes, antibiotics, enzymes, biofuels and biochemicalsThe end of the 20th century was marked by the start of the third and so far final wave of biotechnology, the so-called white biotechnology, aiming to substitute chemical processes based on C2/C3 chemistry of oil and gas by biotechnological processes. The standard conversion process in biotechnology is fermentation, which is used t
The starch and yeast industries are two key sectors of the European food industry, with annual turnovers of approx. € 4 billion and € 500 million, respectively, in Europe alone. The production processes in the starch and yeast industries are still dominated by conventional separation processes such as evaporators, separators and rotary vacuum filters (RVFs), and membrane processes are only rarely
Membrane applications have established themselves in both the production and water loop of the starch-based sweetener industry. This presentation will give an overview of membrane opportunities in the starch-based sweetener industry is given. In the first part of this paper, the membrane opportunities in the production loop of starch-based sweeteners will be generally discussed and application stu
Conventional separation processes such as evaporators and separators often compete directly with membrane processes, i.e. microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). The aim of this lecture is to highlight the potentials of combining membrane processes and conventional separation processes by the means of process synergies. In the first part of the le
In heat exchanger and membrane processes fouling stands for a significant part of the running costs such as e.g. down time for cleaning, consumption of cleaning chemicals, water and energy and contributes also to a shortened equipment life time. It is therefore one of the major challenges in the process industry. The first part of the presentation will give a general introduction into fouling in
Rotary vacuum filters (RVFs) with adiatomaceous earth (kieselguhr) coatings as filter aid are the most established technology for the removal of the so-called mud fraction after liquefaction and saccharification in the production of starch-based sweeteners. The RVFs is an open process which is further associated with the use of filters resulting in an increasing disposal challenge. Based on this t
Due to increasing oil price and environmental concerns, current European initiatives are aiming to increase the share of Biofuel used for transportation from approx. 2 % (2005) to 5.75% in 2010. The production capacity of bioethanol in Germany alone has therefore to increase during this period from 0.7 mio. m³ to 1.8 mio. m³ 1. The feed stocks of current bioethanol concepts are sugar and starch
IntroductionDuring 2008, the oil price climbed from one peak to the next. Despite the fact that high grain and sugar prices – the main feed stocks for bioethanol plant – are currently causing a slow down in the realisation of bioethanol projects, the interest for renewable fuels is still increasing. In the Nordic countries, Sweden and Finland are leading the development of bioethanol production, w
Every year, 100,000 tons of dissolved hemicelluloses are discharge unused with wastewater from thermomechanical pulp mills around the world. Isolation of these hemicelluloses from the wastewater would not only reduce the treatment costs for the pulp mills but would also provide an excellent raw material for high value applications such as oxygen barriers in food packaging. The isolation of the he
We trapped birds on the island of Capri, SW Italy, during February and earliest March 2002-2004 and in November-December 2004. The trapped birds were ringed, and common biometrical parameters measured. In total 247 birds of 17 species were trapped, a rather limited number, whereof c. 70% were either European Robins Erithacus rubecula, Blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla, Sardinian Warblers Sylvia melanoc
Marine planktonic microalgae have potentially global dispersal, yet reduced gene flow has been confirmed repeatedly for several species. Over larger distances (>200 km) geographic isolation and restricted oceanographic connectivity have been recognized as instrumental in driving population divergence. Here we investigated whether similar patterns, that is, structured populations governed by geogra
We consider electroweak Higgs plus three jets production at NLO QCD beyond strict VBF acceptance cuts. We investigate, for the first time, how accurate the VBF approximation is in these regions and within perturbative uncertainties by a detailed comparison of full and approximate calculations. We find that a rapidity gap between the tagging jets guarantees a good approximation, while an invariant
Artikeln behandlar hur Karl XIV Johan visuellt skapade band med alla skikt av sitt nya lands befolkning genom att förknippa sig med ärorika föregångare i ämbetet. Detta uttrycktes medvetet i porträtt och monument, men även inredningar, arkitektur och ceremonier. Hans son förde vidare denna strategi genom att bygga upp monument över sin far. Detta ingick i ett brett spektrum av traditionella och n
Background: Although many pregnant women report fear related to the approaching birth, no consensus exists on how fear of birth should be handled in clinical care. Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of a guided internet-based self-help program based on cognitive behavioral therapy (guided ICBT) with standard care on the levels of fear of birth in a sample of
Pleurobranchaea maculata is a rarely studied species of the Heterobranchia found throughout the south and western Pacific–and recently recorded in Argentina–whose population genetic structure is unknown. Interest in the species was sparked in New Zealand following a series of dog deaths caused by ingestions of slugs containing high levels of the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin. Here we describe the geneti
This paper presents work done within the EU project STARR. Within the framework of the project technologies to empower and support stroke survivors are developed. We report on the iterative development of an outdoor activity game for stroke survivors, and discuss design choices, experiences from the initial testing and outline potential future developments.This paper presents work done within the EU project STARR. Within the framework of the project technologies to empower and support stroke survivors are developed. We report on the iterative development of an outdoor activity game for stroke survivors, and discuss design choices, experiences from the initial testing and outline potential future developments.
