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SETTING: Addis Ababa Tuberculosis Demonstration and Training Center, Ethiopia. OBJECTIVES: To determine the pattern of drug resistance among re-treatment cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), to determine the risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB, and to propose re-treatment regimens based on the patterns of susceptibility to first-line and alternative drugs. DESIGN: One hundr
Impaired survival of skin grafts has been noted in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, but the reason is not known. Alterations in inflammatory response, which might be recorded as an imbalance in cytokine production, have been implicated. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of HIV infection in patients with burn injuries by comparison of split skin graft survival,
To contribute to an understanding of the evolutionary processes that shape variation in immune responses, we compared several components of the innate and acquired arms of the immune system in five related, but ecologically diverse, migratory shorebirds (ruff Philomachus pugnax L., ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres L., bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica L., sanderling Calidris alba Pallas and red
The influence of gender, age, residential area, and socioeconomic status on the blood and serum levels of 13 trace elements was studied in boys and girls living in two Swedish cities with different socioeconomic and environmental characters. The same groups of adolescents were sampled twice, at ages 15 (n = 372) and 17 (n = 294) years. All the investigated factors were shown to be of importance. A
Haptoglobin phenotypes have been shown in human medicine to be related to the prevalence of various diseases. Furthermore, abnormal glycosylation of haptoglobin has been reported as a consequence of liver disease, cancer and immunological disorders in man. To our knowledge, similar findings have not, so far, been reported in canine disease. The present paper describes a method for investigation of
Myocardial dysfunction occurs commonly in septic shock. It is not known whether this is due to local ischaemia and metabolic disturbances. Our hypothesis was that endotoxaemic myocardial dysfunction may be associated with interstitial ischaemic and metabolic changes, measured using interstitial microdialysis (MD). Methods: Eighteen pigs were randomized to control (n=6) or endotoxin infusion (n=12)
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), known to prevent osteoporosis and fractures, on markers of bone and cartilage metabolism. Furthermore, we assessed whether changes in these markers corresponded to alterations in bone mineral density and radiographic joint destructions in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Eighty-eight women were randomized
DFosB-like proteins are particularly stable transcription factors that accumulate in the brain in response to chronic perturbations. In this study we have compared the time-course of striatal FosB/DFosB-like immunoreactivity and prodynorphin mRNA expression after discontinuation of chronic cocaine treatment to intact rats and chronic L-DOPA treatment to unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesi
Background and purpose: Brachytherapy is sometimes suggested as an adjuvant treatment after surgery of some tumours. When introducing this, it would be useful to have an estimate of the dose distribution to different body sites, both near and distant to target, comparing conventional external irradiation to brachytherapy. The aim of the present study was to determine radiation doses with both meth
Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om teorier kring gränsöverskridande samverkan problematiserar organisations¬kulturens inverkan tillräckligt, för att stödja förändringsprocessen inom en offentlig hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation. Vi menar att svårigheter uppstår när förberedelsefasen inför förändringen är för kort. Modellerna är även standardiserade men kulturella förändringar kräver kontextb
Aims: Falls often result in soft tissue injuries, dislocations, fractures, longstanding pain and reduced quality of life. Therefore, fall preventive programmes have been developed. Methods: In this review, we evaluate programmes that in randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been shown with fall reducing effect. Results: Physical exercise that includes several training modalities, especially bala
Consumption of sugar has been relatively high in the Nordic countries; the impact of sugar intake on metabolic risk factors and related diseases has been debated. The objectives were to assess the effect of sugar intake (sugar-sweetened beverages, sucrose and fructose) on association with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and related metabolic risk factors (impaired glucose tolerance, insuli
To compare the 1-year (previously published) and 3-year objective and subjective cure rates, and complications, related to the use of a collagen-coated transvaginal mesh for anterior vaginal wall prolapse against a conventional anterior repair.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly those with severe disease, have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies suggest that endothelial cell activation may contribute to this co-morbidity, and that treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors could reduce the risk of CVD in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial cell a
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) participating in a 5-year treatment study with the choline esterase inhibitor tacrin were retrospectively analyzed for the contents of beta-amyloid (Abeta42), total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). A significant positive correlation between the level of P-tau and the number of sympto
This investigation determined the effects of fermented oat-based products containing both native and microbial beta-glucans on plasma lipids and on fecal total bacterial count and Bifidobacterium ssp. The study was randomized, double blind with 3 parallel groups. Sixty-two free-living volunteers with moderately increased plasma cholesterol levels were recruited. In the final analysis, 56 subjects
Human plasma samples from 50 wives of fishermen have been analyzed with respect to PCBs. The non-ortho-substituted PCB congeners CB-126 and CB-169 were determined by mass spectrometry in negative ion chemical ionization mode, which demonstrated a limit of detection of 30 fg. The recoveries of the internal standards used for determination of ortho-substituted CBs were approximately 95%. Two methods
Three fermented, ropy, non-dairy, oat-based products were evaluated for their effect on serum lipids, faecal cholesterol and faecal short chain fatty. acids in germfree and conventional rats. Three different exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing lactic acid bacteria strains were used to ferment the non-dairy oat-base (Adavena(R) G40) (Ceba Foods AB, Lund; Sweden). Two commercial non-dairy products bas
To study the effects of the new vasodilating beta-blocking agent carvedilol on a variety of metabolic, hemodynamic, and ECG parameters of importance for the clinical outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we infused epinephrine (EPI) in healthy male volunteers on two separate occasions to serum concentrations of the same level reached in AMI. Before the EPI infusions, the volunteers were pr
A method of removing radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from blood using a device external to the body, termed extracorporeal affinity-adsorption (EAA), is being evaluated as a means of decreasing irradiation of noncancerous tissues in therapy protocols. The EAA device uses an avidin column to capture biotinylated-radiolabeled mAbs from circulated blood. In this investigation, three trifunc
