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Mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been extensively defined both molecularly and functionally at steady state, while regenerative stress induces immunophenotypical changes that limit high purity isolation and analysis. It is therefore important to identify markers that specifically label activated HSCs to gain further knowledge about their molecular and functional properties. Here, we asse
Atmospheric inversions provide estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes between the surface and atmosphere based on atmospheric CO2 concentration observations. The number of CO2 observations is projected to increase severalfold in the next decades from expanding in situ networks and next-generation CO2-observing satellites, providing both an opportunity and a challenge for inversions. This study i
Machine learning, a sub-field of artificial intelligence, is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. Although the term was coined in 1959, machine learning builds on questions/methods that were developed earlier in linear algebra, mathematical analysis, optimization, and mathematical statistics. In this chapter we will give a brief overview of machine learni
One of the biggest challenges in urban densifications is securing adequate daylight access. This study examines the potential of using semantic 3D city models as input to daylight simulations. It is focusing on investigating input data requirements to these simulations from a geodata, 3D city model specification and measuring guideline perspective. To achieve this, geodata simulation input require
Background: Primary graft failure (PGF) remains the most common cause of short-term mortality after heart transplantation. The main objective was to develop and validate a risk model for prediction of short-term mortality due to PGF after heart transplantation using the ISHLT Heart Transplant Registry. Methods: We developed a non-linear artificial neural networks (ANN) model to evaluate the associ
The double quantum coherence (DQC) signal in nonlinear spectroscopy gives information about the many-body correlation effects not easily available by other methods. The signal is short-lived, consequently, a significant part of it is generated during the pulse overlap. Since the signal is at two times the laser frequency, one may intuitively expect that the pulse overlap-related artifacts are filt
BACKGROUND: Most cerebral palsy (CP) cases have an unexplained etiology, but a role for environmental exposures has been suggested. One purported environmental risk factor is exposure to endocrine-disrupting pollutants specifically per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between prenatal PFAS exposures and CP in Swedish children.METHODS: In this case-
BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies have shown promising results using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve mammography screening accuracy and reduce screen-reading workload; however, to our knowledge, a randomised trial has not yet been conducted. We aimed to assess the clinical safety of an AI-supported screen-reading protocol compared with standard screen reading by radiologists following mamm
Climate projections from global circulation models (GCMs), part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6), are often employed to study the impact of future climate on ecosystems. However, especially at regional scales, climate projections display large biases in key forcing variables such as temperature and precipitation. These biases have been identified as a major source of uncertai
Baltic Earth is an independent research network of scientists from all Baltic Sea countries that promotes regional Earth system research. Within the framework of this network, the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEARs) were produced in the period 2019-2022. These are a collection of 10 review articles summarising current knowledge on the environmental and climatic state of the Earth system in the
Markers of downstream events are a key component of clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Morphological metrics like cortical thickness are established measures of atrophy but are not sensitive enough to detect amyloid-beta (Aβ)- related changes that occur before overt atrophy become visible. We aimed to investigate to what extent diffusion MRI can provide sensiti
Communication between cells located in different parts of an organism is often mediated by membrane-enveloped nanoparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EV binding and cell uptake mechanisms depend on the heterogeneous composition of the EV membrane. From a colloidal perspective, the EV membrane interacts with other biological interfaces via both specific and non-specific interactions, w
We created an AI support for diagnosis in dyspneic adults at time of triage in the emergency department.Complete data from an entire regional health care system was analyzed, to find AI-derived, unknown, important diagnostic predictors. Most important were prior diagnoses of heart failure or COPD, daily smoking, atrial fibrillation/flutter, life difficulties and maternal care.Sensitivity for AHF,
Forests are an important component in the framework of nature-based solutions for mitigating climate change. However, there are still uncertainties about the biogeophysical effects of forest cover changes affecting heat and water fluxes as captured by Earth System Models (ESMs) simulations and observations. In this study, we investigate the differences in the surface temperature response to ideali
In this work, we study the problem of estimating the in-ear sound field using microphone measurements at nearby positions. Typically, the sound field is first interpolated to the position of the head under free-field assumptions, followed by filtering through pre-measured head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). While properties of free-field interpolation methods have been well studied with respe
BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates that artificial intelligence (AI) can improve mammography screening by increasing cancer detection and reducing screen reading workload, but its effect on interval cancers (primary breast cancers diagnosed between two screening rounds or within 2 years after the last scheduled screening that were not detected at screening) is unknown. We aimed to compare the interval
Background: Distal pancreatic resection is associated with a high frequency of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on short-term complications after distal pancreatectomy. Methods: Patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020 were identified from the Swedish National Pancreatic and P
Electric power is the foundation of modern society, yet Europe is currently facing an energy crisis, increasing interest in power generation, energy infrastructure, and grid resilience. However, power plant data are complex and multidimensional, making it difficult to gain an overview or understanding. Visualization methods can help to reduce cognitive load and facilitate exploration of such data.
Non-invasive methods for measuring thermal tolerance and thermoregulation in large numbers of individuals under natural environmental conditions are useful to understand the capacity of species to adapt to future climate scenarios. Infrared thermography (IRT) is one such tool in research on thermal adaptation, but concerns have been raised about its reliability, specifically the correlation betwee
