Filetype
Communication between cells located in different parts of an organism is often mediated by membrane-enveloped nanoparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EV binding and cell uptake mechanisms depend on the heterogeneous composition of the EV membrane. From a colloidal perspective, the EV membrane interacts with other biological interfaces via both specific and non-specific interactions, w
We created an AI support for diagnosis in dyspneic adults at time of triage in the emergency department.Complete data from an entire regional health care system was analyzed, to find AI-derived, unknown, important diagnostic predictors. Most important were prior diagnoses of heart failure or COPD, daily smoking, atrial fibrillation/flutter, life difficulties and maternal care.Sensitivity for AHF,
Climatic extreme events are expected to occur more frequently in the future, increasing the likelihood of unprecedented climate extremes (UCEs) or record-breaking events. UCEs, such as extreme heatwaves and droughts, substantially affect ecosystem stability and carbon cycling by increasing plant mortality and delaying ecosystem recovery. Quantitative knowledge of such effects is limited due to the
In this work, we consider the problem of estimating the directions of arrival of far-field sources impinging on a sensor array using a computationally efficient approach. A novel adaptive grid selection technique is employed to reduce the dimensionality of the used dictionary matrix. The method further makes use of a SPICE-inspired dictionary to adaptively select an appropriate regularization para
The boreal biome plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, current estimates of its sink-source strength and responses to changes in climate are primarily derived from models and thus remain uncertain. A major challenge is the validation of these models at a regional scale since empirical flux estimates are typically confined to ecosystem or continental scales. The Integrated Ca
Aim: The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) creatinine-based equation is still used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for drug dosage adjustment. Incorrect eGFR may lead to hazardous over- or underdosing. Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis, CG was validated against measured GFR (mGFR) in 14 804 participants and compared with the Modification-of-Diet-in-Renal-Diseases (MDRD), Chronic-Kidney-Disea
ObjectiveTo report trends and characteristics of post-biopsy infections, with regard to etiology and resistance patterns, in a large unique cohort from a single-centre using the same antibiotic prophylactic regimens during a 15-year period.MethodsThis is an observational cross sectional cohort study, including all patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy (TR PBx) guided by ultrasound for
Aim: Identifying how climate change, habitat loss, and corridors interact to influence species survival or extinction is critical to understanding macro-scale biodiversity dynamics under changing environments. In North America, the ice-free corridor was the only major pathway for northward migration by megafaunal species during the last deglaciation. However, the timing and interplay among the lat
Precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), with progressively altered right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and function. Kinetic energy (KE) from 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a measure of intracardiac hemodynamics. In this observational case–control study, we investigate physiological mechanisms inf
Nanowires have an ideal shape for high-resolution imaging, with a small cross-section for high resolution and a long length for strong absorption. However, since the absorption in nanowires is dominated by nanophotonic effects, it is unclear what resolution and efficiency such devices could offer. Here, we investigate the limits of spatial resolution and efficiency of nanowire-based direct detecto
Occurring in 2015/16, the strong El Niño has been shown to significantly influence the pantropical carbon fluxes with multiple lines of evidence. However, a comprehensive understanding on the regional and vegetation-specific net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in response to this El Niño event and its recovery trajectories remain unclear. We revisited the controlling factors in the recovery of pantro
The structure and dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are malleable to solution conditions. Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the effects of molecular crowding on these properties. Polymer-based crowders, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Ficoll®, are commonly used to simulate the intracellular environment by replicating the high concentration of macromolec
Phage collections are essential tools for discovering and dissecting bacterial anti-phage defense systems. Here, we report the isolation, characterization, and annotated genome sequences of five environmental Escherichia coli-infecting phages, obtained during the 2023 Fundamentals of Basic and Applied Phage Biology course at Lund University. The phages were isolated using a motile E. coli K-12 B
Chaperone proteins are essential for maintaining proteostasis. Their main role is to assist with the folding of other proteins and to prevent the aggregation of misfolded proteins. The molecular chaperone DNAJB6b efficiently suppresses amyloid formation of several peptides. This activity may rely on the same physicochemical properties as those driving chaperone self-assembly into large micellar-li
The unprecedented x-ray flux density provided by modern x-ray sources offers new spatiotemporal possibilities for x-ray imaging of fast dynamic processes. Approaches to exploit such possibilities often result in either (i) a limited number of projections or spatial information due to limited scanning speed, as in time-resolved tomography, or (ii) a limited number of time points, as in stroboscopic
Dryland ecosystems are globally important, yet state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation models often lack specific processes or parameterizations that are critical for accurately simulating dryland dynamics. These missing processes include a realistic calculation of soil water movement, detailed plant–water relations, or a representation of deep water uptake. In this study, we show how including a proc
Plants take up carbon dioxide (CO2) through photosynthesis. How this will change with rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere will strongly determine future climate change. An increase in the seasonal variations of atmospheric CO2 in recent decades indicates a positive trend in photosynthetic carbon uptake. We combined data-driven seasonal cycles of plant productivity with carbon sinks across
Accurately predicting terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change over long-timescales is crucial for addressing global challenges. This relies on mechanistic modeling of ecosystem processes through land surface models (LSMs). Despite their importance, LSMs face significant uncertainties due to poorly constrained parameters, especially in carbon cycle predictions. This paper reviews the prog
Precise statistics about crop types and productions can support establishing more efficient decisions in the food security framework. The applicability of remote sensing imagery has been confirmed worldwide in crop-related studies. In this chapter, time series Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images were integrated, along with crop inventory, to generate crop-type maps in Imperial County, CA, USA, within
