Filetype
IMPORTANCE: An accurate blood test for Alzheimer disease (AD) could streamline the diagnostic workup and treatment of AD.OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate a clinically available AD blood test in primary care and secondary care using predefined biomarker cutoff values.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: There were 1213 patients undergoing clinical evaluation due to cognitive symptoms who were exa
Providing humoral immunity, antibody-secreting plasma cells and their immediate precursors, the plasmablasts, are generated in systemic and mucosal immune reactions. Despite their key role in maintaining immunity and immunopathology, little is known about their homeostasis. Here we show that plasmablasts and plasma cells are always detectable in human blood at low frequency in any unimmunized dono
UNLABELLED: Maintaining high-affinity antibodies after vaccination may be important for long-lasting immunity to malaria, but data on induction and kinetics of affinity is lacking. In a phase 1 malaria vaccine trial, antibody affinity increased following a second vaccination but declined substantially over 12 months, suggesting poor maintenance of high-affinity antibodies.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRAT
BACKGROUND: After combat-related lower extremity amputations, patients rapidly lose bone mineral density (BMD). As serial dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans are rarely performed in this setting, it is difficult to determine the timeline for bone loss and recovery or the role of interventions. However, a strong correlation has been demonstrated between DXA BMD and computed tomography (CT) signal
BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a costly and morbid disease with the first presentation often with a fragility fracture. The purpose of this study was to assess whether Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements on shoulder computed tomography could identify patients at risk of osteoporosis and aid in its diagnosis.METHODS: We identified patients who had both a computed tomography scan of the glenoid and a dua
The PARP-3 protein is closely related to the PARP-1 and PARP-2 proteins, which are involved in DNA repair and genome maintenance. Here, we characterized the biochemical properties of human PARP-3. PARP-3 is able to ADP-ribosylate itself as well as histone H1, a previously unknown substrate for PARP-3. PARP-3 is not activated upon binding to DNA and is a mono-ADP-ribosylase, in contrast to PARP-1 a
BACKGROUND: Both postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and preoperative chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with significantly worse outcomes following surgery. The relationship of both of these conditions with each other and with CKD progression after surgery remains poorly studied. Our objective was to assess if there was an interaction between preoperative kidney function estimated by
IMPORTANCE: The number of patients prescribed long-term opioids and benzodiazepines and complications from their long-term use have increased. Information regarding the perioperative outcomes of patients prescribed these medications before surgery is limited.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients prescribed opioids and/or benzodiazepines within 6 months preoperatively would have greater short- a
Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen frequently colonizing the throat and skin of humans. To facilitate colonization and spread and to avoid the host immune defence, streptococci are endowed with a variety of virulence factors, two of which are investigated in this thesis namely streptolysin O (SLO) and M protein. SLO is a secreted cytolysin that forms pores in eukaryotic membran
Recent advances in the understanding of the epidemiology of osteoporosis suggest that certain parts of the current European guidelines for the registration of drugs in osteoporosis might be no longer substantiated. The object of this review is to provide the European regulatory authorities with an evidence-based working document providing suggestions for the revision of the "Note for guidance for
Continuous administration of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (carbidopa-levodopa enteral suspension) through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy is a treatment option for advanced Parkinson disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuations resistant to standard oral medications. Safety data from 4 prospective studies were integrated to assess the safety of this therapy.
PURPOSE: Women with breast cancer diagnosed early in life comprise a substantial portion of those tested for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations; however, little information is available on the subsequent risks of contralateral breast cancer in mutation carriers. This study assessed the risk of subsequent contralateral breast cancer associated with carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In th
The most frequently used model to describe the exponential increase in mortality rate over age is the Gompertz equation. Logarithmically transformed, the equation conforms to a straight line, of which the slope has been interpreted as the rate of senescence. Earlier, we proposed the derivative function of the Gompertz equation as a superior descriptor of senescence rate. Here, we tested both measu
Context: The previously reported absence of 65-kDa glutamate decarboxylase antibody (GAD65Ab)-specific antiidiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients at clinical onset could be due to an inability to mount an antibody response to GAD65Ab or a longitudinal decline in anti-Id levels. Objective and Design: We investigated anti-Id levels in longitudinal samples obtained from T1D
Several candidate genes along androgen pathway have been suggested to affect prostate cancer risk but no single gene seems to be overwhelmingly important for a large fraction of the patients. In this study, we first screened for variants in candidate genes and then chose to explore the association between 18 variants and prostate cancer risk by genotyping DNA samples from unselected (n = 847) and
A major complication of multiple myeloma (MM) is the development of osteolytic lesions, fractures and bone pain. To identify genetic variants influencing the development of MM bone disease (MBD), we analyzed MM patients of European ancestry (totalling 3774) which had been radiologically surveyed for MBD. Each patient had been genotyped for ~600 000 SNPs with genotypes for six million common varian
Anemia is a common malaria-associated complication in pregnant women in endemic regions. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is exposed to the immune system during the massive destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) that accompany malaria, and antibodies against PS have been linked to anemia through destruction of uninfected RBCs. We determined levels of anti-PS IgG antibodies in pregnant women in Ibadan, Niger
BACKGROUND: Integration of oncology and palliative care has been shown to increase quality of life in advanced disease. To meet the needs of the growing older population, integration of palliative care and geriatrics has been proposed but scarcely described.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to integrate palliative care into geriatrics by a structured care guide, the Swedish Palliative Care Gui
IMPORTANCE: The incidence of diabetes in childhood has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Elucidating whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with islet autoimmunity, which precedes type 1 diabetes onset, is relevant to disease etiology and future childhood diabetes trends.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of i
The amygdala was highlighted as an early site for neurofibrillary tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer's disease in the seminal Braak & Braak article (1991). This knowledge has, however, only received traction recently with advances in imaging and image analysis techniques. Here, we provide a cross-disciplinary overview of pathology and neuroimaging studies on the amygdala. These studies provide
