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Phenotypic integration and conserved covariance structure in calopterygid damselflies.

By comparing the phenotypic (P) variance-covariance matrices between closely related taxa or conspecific populations, one can study the outcome of the interplay between selection and developmental constraints in phenotypic evolution. Shared patterns of phenotypic integration are also of interest and might result from similarities in either selection or developmental pathways. We compared P-matrice

Quantitative morphology of stimulation-induced damage in rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscles

The purpose of this study was to examine the contention that stimulation-induced damage, resulting in degeneration with subsequent regeneration, plays a major role in the transformation of fibre type brought about by chronic electrical stimulation. Data from histological and histochemical sections of 9-day-stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscles were analysed with multivariate statistical techniques

Liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in cooked meats

Several cooked meats such as beef (fried, coated-fried), pork (fried, coated-fried), and chicken (fried, griddled, coated-fried, roasted) were analyzed for the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-l-methyl-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (4'-OH-PhIP) not commonly determined in food and 2-amino-1 -methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). The highest content of 4'-OH-PhIP was found in fried and

Separation of decay-accelerating and cofactor functional activities of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus complement control protein using monoclonal antibodies

Complement is an essential part of the innate immune system, which clears pathogens without requirement for previous exposure, although it also greatly enhances the efficacy and response of the cellular and humoral immune systems. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most recently identified human herpesvirus and the likely aetiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion

Rheological characteristics of different tropical root starches

The rheological properties of starch extracted from ten different species of tropical tuber crops were examined using a Bohlin rheometer. Suspensions with starch concentrations of 3, 4 and 5% were gelatinised at 757C and fed into the rheometer cup. A C 25 measuring system was used and the heating rate was 1.57C/min, heating schedule 75-957C, holding at 957C for 600 s, cooling to 357C at 1.57C/min,

Status of the Integrated Model of the Euro50

The Euro50 is a proposed 50m extremely large telescope for optical and infrared wavelengths. To study and predict the performance of the complete telescope system, an integrated model combining the structural model of the telescope, optics models, the control systems and the adaptive optics has been established. Wind and atmospheric disturbances are also included in the model. The integrated model

Diversification and biogeography of scolecodont-bearing polychaetes in the Ordovician

Scolecodonts are common microfossils in Palaeozoic rocks, bearing witness to the extensive radiation of jawed polychacte worms during the Ordovician Period. Information on Ordovician scolecodonts is increasing, though it is still patchy and strongly skewed towards Baltica and Laurentia. Comparison of the faunas of these two palaeocontinents indicates that approximately 50% of the genera, but only

Human osteoarthritis synovial fluid and joint cartilage contain both aggrecanase- and matrix metalloproteinase-generated aggrecan fragments.

Objective: To identify the major aggrecanase-and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-generated aggrecan fragments in human osteoarthritis (OA) synovial fluid and in human OA joint cartilage. Method Aggrecan fragments were prepared by CsCl gradient centrifugation. Fragment distributions were compared with aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4) and MMP-3 digested human aggrecan by analysis with neoepitope antibodies a

Proprioceptive defects after an anterior cruciate ligament rupture -- the relation to associated anatomical lesions and subjective knee function

A disturbed proprioception has been described in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee. The relation to demographic data and to different commonly associated anatomical lesions, as well as to subjective knee function, was prospectively studied in 16 consecutive patients after an acute knee ligament injury. All patients had a complete rupture of the ACL, but variable asso

Plasmodium relictum (lineage P-SGS1): Further observation of effects on experimentally infected passeriform birds, with remarks on treatment with Malarone (TM)

Plasmodium relictum (lineage P-SGS1) is a widespread malaria parasite that causes disease of different severity in different species of birds. However, experimental studies on the effects of this parasite on avian hosts are uncommon. We investigated development of this lineage in experimentally infected greenfinches Carduelis chloris and compared the obtained data with the literature information a

A dose-dependent dual effect of oestrogen on voiding in the male mouse?

To explore the effect of different degrees of oestrogenization on male voiding, by treating adult castrated and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-maintained male mice with different doses of oestrogens, as exposure of male mice to excessive amounts of oestrogens can cause bladder outlet obstruction (BOO); in addition, male mice lacking oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha (ERKO) or ER beta (BERKO) were st

MR imaging of the knee in acute rheumatoid arthritis: synovial uptake of gadolinium-DOTA

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the presence of acute synovial inflammation is an indication of the activity of the disease. It is an important finding because it often influences therapeutic decisions. However, acute synovitis may be difficult to detect by clinical examination, especially if a joint effusion also is present. As gadolinium tetra-azacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA) c

SNP genotyping using microsphere-linked PNA and flow cytometric detection

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the most frequent form of genetic variations. Some of the most sensitive methods for SNP genotyping employ synthetic oligonucleotides, such as the peptide nucleic acid (PNA). We introduce a new method combining allele-specific hybridization, PNA technology, and flow cytometric detection. We tested the design by genotyping a Danish basal

Mass spectrometric characterization of human hemoglobin adducts formed in vitro by hexahydrophthalic anhydride.

Primary structural information of anhydride binding to endogenous proteins is of interest in order to determine the mechanism causing the type-I allergy seen in many anhydride-exposed workers. In addition, studies on specific protein adducts may generate new methods for biological monitoring. In this study, the binding of hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) to human hemoglobin (Hb) in vitro was inv

Telomere-mediated mitotic disturbances in immortalized ovarian epithelial cells reproduce chromosomal losses and breakpoints from ovarian carcinoma

Ovarian carcinomas (OCs) often exhibit highly complex cytogenetic changes. Abnormal chromosome segregation at mitosis is one potential mechanism for genomic rearrangements in tumors. In this study, OCs were demonstrated to have dysfunctional short telomeres, anaphase bridging, and multipolar mitoses with supernumerary centrosomes. When normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells were tran