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The solution of generic dynamic optimization problems described by Modelica, and its extension Optimica, code using direct collocation methods is discussed. We start by providing a description of dynamic optimization problems in general and how to solve them by means of direct collocation. Next, an existing implementation of a collocation algorithm in JModelica.org, using CasADi and IPOPT, is pres
Dynamic optimization problems involving parametric sensitivities, such as optimal experimental design, are typically solved using shooting-based methods, while leveraging numerical integrators with sensitivity computation capabilities. In this paper we present how simultaneous discretization can be employed to solve these problems, by augmenting the dynamic optimization problems with forward sensi
BACKGROUND: It is still unclear to what extent the most common animal models of pain and analgesia, based on indirect measures such as nocifensive behaviours, provide valid measures of pain perception.METHODS: To address this issue, we developed a novel animal model comprising a more direct readout via chronically (>1 month) implanted multichannel electrodes (MCE) in rat primary somatosensory cort
Neural interfaces which allow long-term recordings in deep brain structures in awake freely moving animals have the potential of becoming highly valuable tools in neuroscience. However, the recording quality usually deteriorates over time, probably at least partly due to tissue reactions caused by injuries during implantation, and subsequently micro-forces due to a lack of mechanical compliance be
Mixture theory is used to derive a triphasic model to describe processes in paperboard consisting of solid fiber, bound water and gas. The gas is viewed as a miscible mix of the two constituents dry air and water vapor. The governing equations are mass conservation laws for bound water, dry air, water vapor, and mixture energy balance. Constitutive relations are found by exploiting the macroscale
This paper provides a review of research into financialisation of built environments, especially in relation to urban politics, social geographies and sustainability. Focus is limited here to the theoretical and conceptual substance of selected literature. Financialisation is conceptualised as a profoundly spatial process, forging social relations that form conditions for urban governance, social
This paper investigates financialisation of built environments in Stockholmand Copenhagen, especially within the sphere of housing. It presents empiricalanalyses of processes of financialisation of built environments in the two cities, and how these processes relate to urban politics and governance. The case studies include analyses of how financialisation of built environments and associated shif
