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A method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the characterization of static mixers using the Z factor, helicity and the rate of striation thinning is presented. These measures were found to be well-suited for the characterization of static mixers as they reflect the pressure drop, the formation of secondary flow, i.e. vortices, and their effect on the mixing process. Two commercial sta

The extraction of red pigment and conductive matters from individual red beet tissue slices following pulsed electric field pretreatment of different durations was compared with a two dimensional bimodal Fickian diffusion model. The process appeared to be governed by two apparent diffusion coefficients, one slow and one fast. The values of these coefficients were independent of the duration of tre

The effects of a single course of antenatal betamethasone on S100B protein concentration were investigated in Fisher 344 rats. On day 20 of gestation, pregnant rats were injected twice 8 h apart with either (1) 170 mu g kg(-1) body weight betamethasone ("clinically-equivalent dose", equivalent to 12 mg twice, 24 h apart in humans), (2) half of this dose (equivalent to 6 mg) or (3) vehicle. We repo

Numerous polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have been developed and used increasingly to screen vertebrate blood samples for the diagnosis of haemosporidian blood parasites (Sporozoa, Haemosporida), but a rigorous evaluation of the sensitivity of these methods for detecting mixed infections of different haemosporidian species belonging to the same and different genera and subgenera is l

This was the first international article on brand orientation. Brand orientation is defined and related to other orientation. The article is also an early fore runner within the field of corporate branding. The relation between product brands and corporate brands is discussed with the Nicorette / Pharmacia case study.

The four largest Swedish lakes, Vanern, Vattern, Malaren, Hjalmaren, host important commercial fisheries for char, salmon, trout, whitefish, vendace (cisco), perch, pike-perch, pike and eel, i.e. highly diverse biological resources. Case studies illustrate physical, chemical and biological impacts on some of these commercial species caused by constructions of dams and ship canals, eutrophication,

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, many hypertensive persons remain healthy. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether adaptation in a stressful situation was associated with the incidence of stroke in hypertensive men. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-eight hypertensive men were followed from baseline in 1982/1983 until first stroke, death, or De

Popular Abstract in Swedish Detta är en studie om Willy Brandt och Berlinfrågan. Berlinfrågan kom att symbolisera en stor del av Brandts politiska gärning och med den som utgångspunkt belyses och analyseras hans politiska livsverk. Med hjälp av en semantisk metod undersöker författaren hur Brandts politiska språk är uppbyggt och redovisar hur hans argumentation ser ut. Tyngdpunkten i studien är enWilly Brandt is one of the most important charismatic leaders of the postwar era and his Ostpolitik is considered his great political achievement. The Berlin Question can be said to symbolize his political activities. Therefore, by concentrating on this issue I can explore and analyse his political thinking as a whole. My basic assumption in this dissertation is that a politician tends to stick to

Gonococci that bind the coinhibitory receptor CEACAM1 appear to down-regulate the activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Such infection-induced immunosuppression helps explain why there is little specific immune response associated with gonococcal disease.

Abundance and distribution of plant cell surface proteins of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) class were studied in the pea-Rhizobium symbiosis using immunoblot analysis. The MAC 265-epitope was especially abundant in pea root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria. A 180-kDa MAC 265-HRGP dominated in pea shoot plasma membranes, while almost no MAC 265-HRGP was detected i

The radial nerve may not function in association with fractures of the humeral shaft. There are various opinions about the causes and treatment. We report a case of complete rupture of the radial nerve after a fracture of the proximal shaft of the humerus. The nerve injury was treated with grafting and tendon transfer. Here we discuss diagnoses and treatments including neurobiological aspects of n

In this article, some of the possibilities and obstacles involved in attaining stable peace in the Baltic Sea region are analysed. By stable peace is understood a relationship in which military conflict resolution has become unthinkable regardless of how serious a prospective conflict may become. It is argued that stable peace does not presently exist in the region as a whole, but that instead the

Transient absorption spectra and kinetics in the 470-650 nm region were recorded for lycopene, P-carotene and zeaxanthin, all carotenoids with 11 conjugated double bonds, in two solvents with different polarity. Analysis of the red wing of the carotenoid SI-S, transition revealed presence of a pronounced shoulder at early delay times. The kinetics recorded at this low-energy shoulder of the SI-S,

In a group of 36 patients, 18 women and 18 men, results for the Spiral Aftereffect Technique (SAT) and the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm) after recovery from depression (at follow-up) were related to results for both techniques during the acute phase of depression, and to seven symptom dimensions (tension, inertia, dissociation, hypochondria, nondivertability, heredity and suicidal th

A polyion-surfactant ion complex salt, cat-HECDS, has been synthesised, consisting of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose w th dodecylsulfate counterions. Ternary phase diagrams have been established for aqueous mixtures of cat-HECDS with either the conventional surfactant NaDS or the polyelectrolyte cat-HECCl. Such mixtures represent the simplest possible aqueous mixtures of oppositely charged polyme

An outbreak of gastroenteritis affecting 158 of 219 (72%) guests and employees at a hotel is described. Food served at the hotel restaurant is believed to have been the source of the outbreak and to have been contaminated by sick employees working in the restaurant. A secondary attack rate of 22% was seen involving 43 persons in all. In stool specimens from seven of eight patients, Norwalk-like vi

Context. Extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars preserve a fossil record of the composition of the ISM when the Galaxy formed. It is crucial, however, to verify whether internal mixing has modified their surface composition, especially in the giants where most elements can be studied. Aims. We aim to understand the CNO abundance variations found in some, but not all EMP field giants analysed earlier. Mi

The inflammation of the lungs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by increased numbers of macrophages, neutrophils and T-cells. Decline in lung function in these patients has been correlated to the number of CD8+ T-cells present in the lung as well as to a decline in the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells. Although systemic components are likely to be present, circulating lymp