A 120 kHz echo sounder, with two split-beam transducers, was used horizontally to monitor the behaviour of 0+ roach Rutilus rutilis, from June to August, in field enclosures. 0+ roach outside the vegetated area of the enclosures were registered both as schools and as single swimming fish. Combining echo counting and tracking with direct observation of echograms, an estimate of relative abundance o

In this paper propagation of transient electromagnetic waves in a reciprocal bi-isotropic medium is presented. The constitutive relations are convolution integrals with two susceptibility kernels that model the medium. The propagation problem is solved by the introduction of a wave-splitting technique. This wave-splitting is used to solve the propagation problem using either an imbedding approach

1. I tested the hypothesis that the potential for non-lethal effects of predators are more important for overall performance of the fast-growing exotic signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) than for the slower growing native noble crayfish (Astacus astacus L.). I further tested if omnivorous crayfish switched to feed on less risky food sources in the presence of predators, a behaviour th

Cosmological investigations, using high-redshift quasi-stellar object (QSO) absorption spectra, of possible variations of the fine-structure constant (alpha) require very accurate laboratory wavelengths for a number of resonance transitions from several different species. A change in alpha could be detected as a shift in the wavelengths of atomic transitions in the QSO systems and to accurately de

Lewis rats that are known to be addiction-prone, develop compulsive running if they have access to running wheels. The present experiments were aimed 1) to evaluate the activation of stress systems following chronic and acute voluntary wheel running in Lewis rats by measurement of hormone release and gene expression of neuropeptides related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activ

A method for computer assisted kinematic calibration of a modular Gantry-Tau parallel robot is presented and tested in an experiment. A computer tool developed executes the first step of a kinematic calibration, the choice of appropriate measurement points, using a priori knowledge about kinematic parameters, e.g. obtained with a measuring tape. This step is performed by intersecting the robot's k

A genome-wide linkage analysis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for bone phenotypes was performed in an F-2 intercross of inbred spontaneously type 2 diabetic GK and normoglycemic F344 rats (108 males and 98 females). The aim of the study was to locate genome regions with candidate genes affecting trabecular and cortical bone and to investigate the effects of sex and reciprocal cross. pQ

Ecosystems are supported by organic carbon from two distinct sources. Endogenous carbon is produced by photosynthesis within an ecosystem by autotrophic organisms. Exogenous carbon is produced elsewhere and transported into ecosystems. Consumers may use exogenous carbon with consequent influences on population dynamics, predator-prey relationships and ecosystem processes(1). For example, exogenous

Aim. This observational study was undertaken in order to analyse whether any differences could be detected between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) concerning the inflammatory response. Methods. A total number of 259 consecutive patients with CLI were treated between October 2001 and January 2003. Results. Among the 259 patients, 135 (52%) had diabetes, previous

We tested two predictions of the hypothesis that competition between self-pollen may mitigate negative genetic effects of inbreeding in plants: (1) intense competition among self-pollen increases offspring fitness; and (2) pollen competition reduces the measured strength of inbreeding depression. We used Collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae), an annual with a mixed mating system, to perform cont

In 21 women who had an abortion by hysterotomy between the 15th and 23rd week of pregnancy, the possibility that unfragmented heparin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) passed the placental barrier to the foetus was studied. Laboratory analyses included amidolytic assays of factor Xa inhibitory activity (XaI), antithrombin III (ATIII) and a direct measurement of heparin-like substances in plas

phingomyelin (SM) metabolism in the gut has been implicated in colonic tumorigenesis. Intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) hydrolyses SM in the intestinal content and at the brush border. The enzyme activity is decreased in the tissues of human colorectal tumours. This study examines whether site or chain-mutation of alk-SMase occurs in colon cancer HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells. Total

1. The widespread declines of farmland birds have generally been linked to agricultural intensification. We tested the hypotheses that (i) changes in agricultural policy, through its effects on agricultural intensification and (ii) regional differences in agricultural intensification affect temporal and spatial population trends of farmland birds in Sweden. 2. We analysed regional bird populat

Serial MRI including diffusion and perfusion imaging was performed in a patient with hypertensive encephalopathy. At admission, the patient was disorientated and presented with seizures and cortical blindness. Perfusion imaging showed a marked reduction in blood volume and flow, with corresponding vasogenic oedema in the occipital, posterior temporal, and, to a lesser extent, frontal lobes. The cl

Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB3001, harboring the Pichia stipitis genes XYL1 and XYL2 (xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase, respectively) and the endogenous XKS1(xylulokinase), can convert xylose to ethanol. About 30% of the consumed xylose, however, is excreted as xylitol. Enhanced ethanol yield has previously been achieved by disrupting the ZWF1 gene, encoding glucose-6-phosphat

This paper describes the development of two different capillary-based heterogeneous competitive flow immunoassay formats (capillary flow injection immunoassay (CFIIA) and capillary sequential injection immunoassay (CSIIA)) for the determination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). The assays are based on the competition between the analyte and an analyte derivative labelled with the enzyme #-gala

Atherosclerosis is a key factor in vascular disease, and cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor that may induce an inflammatory response and enhance plaque formation in arteries. Thromboxane (Tx) is one key inflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The present study was designed to test if lipid soluble smoking particles (DSP) enhance TxA(2) receptor (TP)

To obtain further information on the polyploid dynamics of the the Dactylorhiza incarnata/maculata polyploid complex and the origin of the allotetraploid D. sphagnicola ( Orchidaceae), plastid DNA variation was studied in 400 plants from from Sweden and elsewhere in Europe and Asia Minor by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLPs) and sequencing. All