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Climate change increases the risk of soil salinisation in Southern European vineyards. In this study, six of those soils were experimentally salinised, half of which were contaminated with Cu, a widely used fungicide. Changes in soil microbiota were assessed, including bacterial and fungal growth, respiration, carbon use efficiency calculation, and microbial community phospholipid fatty acids comp
Domain-specific languages are used in numerous problem domains, e.g. database handling, robot programming and numerical calculations. The main advantage of using such languages is the ease with which a problem within the domain can be expressed in the language. The resulting programs are easier to debug and maintain, and consist of higher quality code since the language constructs are close to the
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can induce oxidative stress, genomic instability, and epigenetic modifications. In occupational settings, Cr(VI)-exposed workers may also be exposed to other toxicants, such as elements besides Cr, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, research on the extent of these co-exposures and their combined effects remains limited. The objective of this study
This study explores how scientists navigate research topic transitions during their early-career training and examines its impact on the production of novel knowledge. Drawing on survey data of 270 mid-career scientists in life sciences, we investigate their time investment in topics during early career stages (i.e. during PhD and postdoc training) and trace their research output for 15 years afteThis study explores how scientists navigate research topic transitions during their early-career training and examines its impact on the production of novel knowledge. Drawing on survey data of 270 mid-career scientists in life sciences, we investigate their time investment in topics during early career stages (i.e. during PhD and postdoc training) and trace their research output for 15 years afte
This study explores how academic scientists engage as experts in public debates characterised by scientific uncertainty and societal urgency, focusing on rhetorical positioning and communicative intentions. The research centres around the debate concerning COVID-19 measures in Sweden and analyses 109 opinion pieces written by scientists in various newspapers. The analysis identifies four ideal-typThis study explores how academic scientists engage as experts in public debates characterised by scientific uncertainty and societal urgency, focusing on rhetorical positioning and communicative intentions. The research centres around the debate concerning COVID-19 measures in Sweden and analyses 109 opinion pieces written by scientists in various newspapers. The analysis identifies four ideal-typ
Inferring the cell-type composition of bulk samples can provide biological insight. While bulk transcriptomics data has been extensively used for this purpose, the use of proteomics data has remained unexplored until recently. This study evaluates computational approaches for estimating immune cell composition using bulk sample proteomics data. Leveraging defined immune cell populations and simula
SummaryElevated HDL-C levels are generally regarded as prognostically favorable in cardiovascular disease. Our study shows that higher HDL cholesterol levels are prospectively associated with 18% increased risk of new-onset fractures in men but not in women. Higher HDL cholesterol may be a novel risk factor for developing fractures in men.PurposeIncreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-
This paper investigates the importance of competence-based trust on the fundraising success of Initial Coin Offerings. Based on a dataset with 3,644 ICOs, our models test the influence of generic and specific human capital on the probability of token-based new ventures to secure the amount of funds they intended to during ICOs. Our results suggest a positive and statistically significant influence
Small bodies exist in distinct populations within their planetary systems. These reservoir populations hold a range of compositions, which to first order are dependent on formation location relative to their star. We provide a general overview of the nature of the reservoirs that source exocomets, from the influence of the stellar environment through planetesimal formation to comparisons with Sola
We present the detection and characterisation of the TOI-1438 multi-planet system discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). To confirm the planetary nature of the candidates and determine their masses, we collected a series of followup observations including high-spectral resolution observations with HARPS-N and HIRES over a period of 5 years. Our combined modelling shows tha
In seven billion years, the Sun will be dead. As stars like the Sun pass from their present state to that of a dead white dwarf star, they undergo two phases of extremely high luminosity and radius—the red giant branch and the asymptotic giant branch—during which they will lose half or more of their mass. These changes to the star have a significant impact on orbiting planets, asteroids, and comet
Certifying solvers have long been standard for decision problems in Boolean satisfiability (SAT), allowing for proof logging and checking with very limited overhead, but developing similar tools for combinatorial optimization has remained a challenge. A recent promising approach covering a wide range of solving paradigms is pseudo-Boolean proof logging, but this has mostly consisted of proof-of-co
Understanding vegetation sensitivity to hydroclimate factors, especially how carbon and water cycles respond to climate change, is crucial for assessing ecosystem vulnerability. However, the seasonal sensitivity of carbon and water fluxes to temperature, radiation, soil water content, and vapor pressure deficit across diverse biomes and climates remains unclear. Here, we use 196 eddy covariance ob
Vegetation demographic models (VDMs) are advanced tools for simulating forest responses to climate and land-use changes, and are essential for projecting carbon cycling and large-scale forest management strategies. Despite their increasing incorporation into Earth System Models, VDMs differ in their demographic assumptions, with no prior quantitative comparison of their performance. We benchmarked
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. Fatigue and impaired information processing speed (IPS) are the most debilitating symptoms of MS. Natalizumab (NTZ) and rituximab (RTX), currently Sweden’s two most-prescribed drugs for MS treatment, are known to almost completely ameliorate clinical and radiological relapse activity
The eyeball is not rigid and deforms during saccades. As a consequence, the saccade waveform recorded by an eye tracker may depend on which structure of the eye is used to estimate eyeball rotation. Here, we systematically describe and compare signals co-recorded from the retina, the cornea (corneal reflection, CR), the pupil, and the lens (fourth Purkinje reflection, P4) during saccades. We found
Global warming is expected to transfer carbon from soil organic matter to atmospheric CO 2, with microbial communities playing a crucial role in regulating this exchange. While the immediate impact of temperature on microbial functions is well understood and causes soil carbon losses, the long-term response remains unclear, with losses stabilising over time, reducing the overall effect of chronic
IntroductionThe evidence for assessing whether a single stab injury to the trunk was inflicted by another person in an assault or self-inflicted has primarily been derived from autopsy studies. In this study, we investigate whether victim demographics, crime scene circumstances, and the injury characteristics of assault survivals are interchangeable with homicide characteristics, with a specific f
Ultrasound optical tomography enables noninvasive characterization of tissue and lesions up to 5 cm below the skin surface, by enhancing diffuse optical tomography with ultrasound focusing resolution and an increased number of measurement points. For optimal clinical imaging, it is essential to be able to reconstruct tissue optical properties in real time during in vivo measurements, and therefore
