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Activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (Erkl/2) by phosphorylation to p-Erkl/2, and proliferation of Schwann cells were investigated in the rat sciatic nerve by immunohistochemistry. Axotomy in vivo and culturing of nerve segments in vitro resulted in a rapid (30 min) increase of p-Erkl/2 in Schwann cells with peaks at 2 and 24 h. Proliferation measured by bromodeoxy uridine incor

Retinal angiogenesis is tightly regulated to meet oxygenation and nutritional requirements. In diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, uncontrolled angiogenesis can lead to blindness. Our goal is to better understand the molecular processes controlling retinal angiogenesis and discover novel drugs that inhibit retinal neovascularisation

Physical limitations based only on antenna volume, form factor and material parameters are applied to electrically small antennas in the form of single dipoles. The upper bound on the gain-bandwidth product is solely determined by the polarisability matrix that characterises the antenna when it is immersed in a uniform applied static field. The polarisability, and hence the bandwidth, is increased

High hyperdiploidy (51-67 chromosomes) is the most common cytogenetic abnormality pattern in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), occurring in 25-30% of such cases. High hyperdiploid ALL is characterized cytogenetically by a nonrandom gain of chromosomes X, 4, 6, 10, 14, 17, 18, and 21 and clinically by a favorable prognosis. Despite the high frequency of this karyotypic

Abstract Itch accompanies most inflammatory skin diseases but may occur as a solitary sensation in otherwise normal skin. Chronic itch often requires combined treatments but some cases remain therapy resistant. Complementary medicine is becoming increasingly popular among patients. Acupuncture is the oldest and most well-studied alternative option with evidence-based effect on pain. This article s

We present investigations on the generation of X-ray radiation suitable for different types of medical imaging. Pulses from a 10 Hz terawatt laser system with a duration of 150 fs are focused onto a solid high-Z material target, with focal spot intensities reaching 10(18) W/cm(2). The produced plasma emits broadband X-ray radiation with photon energies up to the MeV region. The application of this

Although it is known that college students have a high alcohol consumption, less is known about the long-term drinking trajectories amongst college students and, in particular, students living in residence halls, known to be high-risk drinkers. Over four consecutive years, the drinking habits of 556 Swedish residence hall students were analyzed. The main instruments for measuring outcome were AUDI

More than 15 percent of children in Europe are overweight; another 5 percent are obese. The high prevalence of obesity emphasizes the necessity of developing evidence-based treatment programs that are useful in a clinical setting. Management of childhood obesity is commonly based on lifestyle interventions where nutrition, physical activity, and behavior modification are the main targets. To incor

New radiative lifetimes have been measured for the 5s (3)P(0,1,2)degrees and 5s (1)P(1)degrees levels of Ge I using a laser-produced plasma subject to selective laser excitation. A diffraction grating based emission spectrometer of moderately high resolution has been used to remeasure the branching ratios of the 4p-5s depopulating transitions. The oscillator strengths of astrophysical interest, wh

Optical properties are important parameters in port wine stain laser treatment models. In this study we investigated whether changes in blood optical properties occur during a 0.5 ms laser pulse, Blood from three volunteers was irradiated in vitro with laser pulses (radiant exposure 2-12 J cm(-2), wavelength 586 nm, pulse length 0.5 ms). Reflection and transmission coefficients, measured using dou

The early cancer studies on immigrants, which started to appear some 50 years ago, showed that the incidence in cancers changes to the level of the new host country in one or two generations. These findings were fundamental to the understanding of the environmental etiology of human cancer. Many immigrant groups originate from countries with no cancer registration, and, hence, the immigrant studie

MIG/CXCL9 belongs to the CXC family of chemokines and participates in the regulation of leukocyte-trafficking and angiogenesis. Certain chemokines, including human MIG/CXCL9, exert strong antibacterial activity in vitro, although the importance of this property in vivo is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the expression and a possible role for MIG/CXCL9 in host defense during mucosal

Several methods to detect faults have been developed in various fields, mainly in chemical and process engineering. However, minimal practical guidelines exist for their selection and application. This work presents an index that allows for evaluating monitoring and diagnosis performance of fault detection methods, which takes into account several characteristics, such as false alarms, false accep

Chronic pruritus is a frequently occurring symptom of various dermatoses that causes a high burden and impaired quality of life. An effective anti pruritic therapy is important for the patient, but its effectiveness is difficult to evaluate. Diverse methods and interpretations of pruritic metrics are utilized in clinical trials and the daily clinical practice in different countries, resulting in d

Time-gated x-ray tomography with scatter reduction is demonstrated using a laser-produced plasma as an ultrashort-pulse x-ray source in combination with a time-resolving streak-camera detector. Backprojections of a phantom imbedded in 9 cm of water show an effective 50% increase in contrast when scattered x-ray quanta (being delayed in time) are suppressed by gating on the prompt, nonscattered pho

This article presents a protocol for assessing team performance in terms of control based on cognitive systems engineering theory. The protocol changes the focus of team performance assessment from good and bad behaviours towards team activity. By using Hollnagel’s contextual control model (COCOM), a protocol is developed so that team activity can be described as four control modes. Data is collec

Gram-negative bacteria have the ability to produce outer membrane-derived vesicles (OMVs) that are released into the extracellular milieu. Even though this intriguing phenomenon is well-known since many years, various aspects of bacterial OMVs are not fully described and are still in the process of being characterized in detail. One major reason for this is that depending on the bacterial species