Applying optimal control to photoinduced trans-cis isomerization in condensed phase, the dynamics of bond-twisting motion of 1,1'-diethyl-4,4'-cyanine in methanol and propanol is revealed. The shape of the optimized pulse resulting from minimization of the photoisomer formation can be directly related to the initial excited-state dynamics in close proximity to the Franck-Condon point. The solvent

In RoboCup, all objects in the game are color coded to allow easy segmentation and identification. However, color vision is very sensitive to the exact color of the illumination which makes the identification task much harder than is often anticipated. Algorithms that work in the lab in fluorescent light may not function at all in an actual game where incandescent lights are used. This article is

Radiocarbon is produced in all types of nuclear reactors. Most of the C-14 released into the environment is in the form of gaseous emissions. Recent data on the C-14 concentration found in terrestrial samples taken in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Romania and Lithuania are presented. We found increased C-14 levels in the surroundings of both power plants. At the Romanian power plant Cern

Popular Abstract in Swedish Elektrolyter är ämnen som sönderdelas i ett lösningsmedel och därvid ger upphov till positivt och negativt laddade joner. De starka elektrostatiska krafter i lösningen som detta i sin tur orsakar är typiska för elektrolytlösningar. Redan vid små tillsatser av en elektrolyt till ett lösningsmedel kan lösningens egenskaper förändras kraftigt. Lösningar av elektrolyter speA thermodynamic model for electrolyte solutions has been derived for binary and multicomponent solutions up to very high molalities. The model was extensively tested on 163 binary aqueous electrolyte systems up to very high molalities, and the results show that the model represents mean ionic activity coefficients and osmotic coefficients very accurately. The model parameters vary significantly be

Two-dimensional electrophoresis and modern image analysis systems have made it possible to study protein expression and regulation of proteins in biological systems. Proteins in the molecular mass region of 20-120 kDa are well investigated and described. However, proteins with masses below 20 kDa are the least investigated as they are rarely seen on 2D-PAGE due to fast migrations in the electric f

The electric field gradient components for the tin nucleus of 34 tin compounds of experimentally known structures and Sn-119 Mossbauer spectroscopy parameters were computed at the scalar relativistic density functional theory level of approximation. The theoretical values of the electric field gradient components were used to determine a quantity, V, which is proportional to the nuclear quadrupole

Aims: To determine quantitative exposure-response relations between work with highly elevated arms and supraspinatus tendinitis, shoulder pain with disability, and shoulder pain without disability. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a historical cohort of 1886 males from three occupational groups. Exposure measurements were performed for four consecutive working days in a random sam

On the basis of the Agent-action-Objective (AaO) paradigm, it will be shown how the transformation of a word model to a geometric space description can be made the founda¬tion for an approach to informational invariants. In particular, the word model of a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) has been used for simplifying the involved procedures. Since the explanation of a causal loop requires a verbal descri

A hidden Markov regime is a Markov process that governs the time or space dependent distributions of an observed stochastic process. Recursive algorithms can be used to estimate parameters in mixed distributions governed by a Markov regime. Here we derive a recursive algorithm for estimation of parameters in a Markov-modulated Poisson process also called a Cox point process. By this we mean a doub

BACKGROUND: Patients' health beliefs influence their willingness to comply with medical advice. In an earlier study, it was found that men with a previous history of information on risk factors for ischaemic heart disease expressed more feelings of threat to their health than did men without this experience. As anxiety may have adverse effects, such as making patients avoid the desired action, thi

The effects of reduced intercellular coupling in the sinus node were investigated by means of simulations. Coupling was reduced both uniformly, and by introducing localized interaction blocks. In either case, model sinus node element networks typically splitted into frequency domains. These were defined as groups of neighbour elements which all attained the same mean firing frequency. In systems,

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det är lätt att förundras över hur snabbt och lätt barn lär sig behärska språket, med tanke på vilket komplicerat system det är. Barnet ska lära sig betydelser, ordböjningar och principer för hur ord kombineras, det ska behärska ljudsystem, artikulation, betoningsmönster och satsmelodi. Detta ska barnet behärska både för att själv producera språk och för att förstå vad The main purpose of this work was to explore grammar in Swedish children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), that is children with impaired language development in the presence of normal hearing and otherwise normal development. In four differents studies, spontaneous data from six children with SLI were analysed and compared with data from either younger children with phonological impairmen

The pathophysiology of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is complex, and involves both peripheral and CNS factors. Several CNS disorders are associated with OAB, e.g. stroke, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, and in each disorder the pathophysiology of OAB can be multifactorial. Irrespective of cause or pathophysiology of OAB, antimuscarinic drugs are the first line o

Animal ornamentation was a dominating expression of art in Scandinavia during the period c. 250-1250 AD. In this chapter i am trying to nuance and deepen our understanding of animal ornamentation as a possible cognitive expression. By relating its images to the metaphorical language of early medieval skaldic poetry I suggest that its meanings have been tightly knit to an ideology of honour and war