Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapy of type 2 diabetes is executed either by GLP-1 receptor agonists, which stimulate the GLP-1 receptors, or by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which prevent the inactivation of endogenous GLP-1 thereby increasing the concentration of endogenous active GLP-1. GLP-1 activates pancreatic receptors resulting in improved glycemia through glucose-de

Background:Membranous expression of the anti-adhesive glycoprotein podocalyxin-like (PODXL) has previously been found to correlate with poor prognosis in several major cancer forms. Here we examined the prognostic impact of PODXL expression in urothelial bladder cancer.Methods:Immunohistochemical PODXL expression was examined in tissue microarrays with tumours from two independent cohorts of patie

PDE3 regulates cAMP-mediated signaling in the heart, and PDE3 inhibitors augment contractility in patients with heart failure. Studies in mice showed that PDE3A, not PDE3B, is the subfamily responsible for these inotropic effects, and that murine PDE3A1 associates with SERCA2, PLB and AKAP18 in a multi-protein signalosome in human SR. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that PDE3A co-localiz

In the mid-1970s it was discovered that some man-made products destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. This destruction leads to higher ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels at the surface of the Earth and can cause damage to ecosystems and to materials such as plastics. Itmay cause an increase in human diseases such as skin cancers and cataracts. The discovery of the role of the synthetic ozone-

Precision agriculture requires detailed crop status information at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Remote sensing can provide such information, but single sensor observations are often incapable of meeting all data requirements. Spectral-temporal response surfaces (STRSs) provide continuous reflectance spectra at high temporal intervals. This is the first study to combine multispectral sate

In hybrid zones populations that are otherwise allopatric meet and produce hybrids. One of the most well-known hybrid zones occurs throughout much of Europe between the hooded and carrion crows. Even though these species (or subspecies) of crows look very different, genetic differentiation is weak, and introgression seems to be common. In a spatial simulation that was based on empirically estimate

One group of commonly found parasites in birds, for which fitness consequences and effects on life history traits have been much debated are Haemosporidian blood parasites. In a long term study population of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus in Sweden, previous studies have shown that the Haemosporidian blood parasites are in their chronic phase during the breeding season and that the

Objective: To analyse discrepant breast cancer detection in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM). Methods: From a previous detection study comparing DBT and DM, 26 discrepant cases were extracted, 19 detected by DBT only and 7 by DM only. An expert panel of 3 radiologists reviewed these cases and documented level of discrepancy, lesion visibility, radiographic pattern, l

The rate of constitutive isoprenoid emissions from plants is driven by plant emission capacity under specified environmental conditions (E-S, the emission factor) and by responsiveness of the emissions to instantaneous variations in environment. In models of isoprenoid emission, E-S has been often considered as intrinsic species-specific constant invariable in time and space. Here we analyze the v

Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is related to the aging of somatic cells. We hypothesized that LTL is inversely associated with mortality in elderly men. LTL was measured in 2744 elderly men (mean age 75.5, range 69-81years) included in the prospective population-based MrOS-Sweden study. Mortality data were obtained from national health registers with no loss of follow-up. During the follow-up (me

High-resolution neutron counting sensors with microchannel plates coupled to a Timepix readout enable high spatial (similar to 55 mu m) and temporal (similar to 1 mu s) accuracy for each detected thermal and cold neutron. One of the attractive applications for those sensors is the high-resolution strain mapping in engineering samples through transmission Bragg edge diffraction. The unique combinat

OBJECTIVES:: The objectives of this clinical trial of orally administered manganese in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver were to assess signal enhancements in the liver with and without the addition of an uptake promoter, ascorbic acid, and to evaluate acute safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: A total of 18 healthy adult males were enrolled in the present trial. Contrast medium: MnCl2, dos

Background: The optimal timing of pharmacological treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely pre-term infants is unknown. Objective: To investigate whether timing of pharmacological PDA treatment is associated with a risk of secondary PDA surgery or death before 3 months of age, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants. Methods: In this population-based cohor

OBJECTIVES: The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) is widely used in several neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS), but its psychometric properties have not been documented in Scandinavia. Therefore, the aim of the study was to translate RMI from UK English into Danish and conduct an initial psychometric testing of the Danish RMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Danish translation condu

The consumption of meat and other foods of animal origin is a risk factor for several types of cancer, but the results for lymphomas are inconclusive. Therefore, we examined these associations among 411,097 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 1,334 lymphomas (1,267 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 67 Hodgkin lympho

The increasing number of new psychoactive substances made available for recreational drug use has created a challenge for clinical toxicology and drug testing laboratories. As a consequence, the routine immunoassay drug testing may become less effective due to an increased occurrence of false negative and false positive screening results. This work aimed to extend the knowledge about analytical cr

In this paper we direct our attention to the problem of discretization effects in intensity transformations of images. We propose to use the Wasserstein metric (also known as the Earth mover distance) to bootstrap the transformation process. The Wasserstein metric gives a mapping between gray levels that we use to direct our image mapping. In order to spatially regularize the image mapping we appl