By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 10 June 2021 Concerns have been expressed over standards of statistical interpretation. Results with P <0.05 are often referred to as ‘significant’ which, in plain English, implies important. This leads some people directly into the misconception that this provides proof that associations are clinically relevant. Read the pape

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/reflection-modern-methods-statistics-education-beyond-significance-novel-plain-english - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 17 June 2021 Standard errors are usually calculated based on assumptions underpinning the statistical model used in the estimation. However, there are situations in which some assumptions of the statistical model including the variance or covariance of the outcome across observations are violated, which leads to biased standar

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/reflection-modern-methods-demystifying-robust-standard-errors-epidemiologists - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 15 June 2021 The IDAG allows for a both intuitive and stringent way of illustrating interactions. It helps to distinguish between causal and non-causal mechanisms behind effect variation. Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/50/2/613/5998421

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/directed-acyclic-graph-interactions - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 11 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Gerd Altmann Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are an increasingly popular approach for identifying confounding variables that require conditioning when estimating causal effects. This review examined the use of DAGs in applied health research to inform recommendations for improving their transparenc

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/use-directed-acyclic-graphs-dags-identify-confounders-applied-health-research-review-and - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 12 June 2021 Statistical learning methods beyond generalized linear models, such as shrinkage methods or kernel smoothing methods, are being increasingly implemented in public health research and epidemiology because they can perform better in instances with complex or high-dimensional data—settings in which traditional statis

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/reflection-modern-methods-good-practices-applied-statistical-learning-epidemiology - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 13 June 2021 The ambition is to provide one of the first large-scale European family studies with individual data across three generations, which could deepen our knowledge about the role of family traits for chronic disease and its underlying mechanisms. Read the paper at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-020-0

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/malmo-offspring-study-mos-design-methods-and-first-results - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 14 June 2021 The network will add value to participating cohorts by increasing statistical power and exposure heterogeneity, as well as facilitating cross-cohort comparisons, cross-validation and replication. Our aim is to motivate other cohorts to join the network and encourage the use of the EU Child Cohort Network by the wi

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/eu-child-cohort-networks-core-data-establishing-set-findable-accessible-interoperable-and-re-usable - 2025-05-09

Published 15 May 2018 Nytt stöd för mer inkluderande forskningsfinansiering Den 27 april lanserade forskningsfinansiärerna Formas, Forte, Vinnova och Energimyndigheten ett nytt, webbaserat processtöd för att nå ut bättre till sökande från en mångfald av discipliner och sektorer och även för att stärka samverkan mellan forskning och det omgivande samhället.Pressmeddelandet finns här och själva sida

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/humsamverkan - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 18 June 2021 From Wikimedia Commons Health workers invest major time recording register data for maternal and newborn core health indicators. Improving data quality requires standardised register designs streamlined to capture only necessary data elements. Consistent implementation processes are also needed. Read the paper at

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/barriers-and-enablers-routine-register-data-collection-newborns-and-mothers - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 19 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Arek Socha Mediation analysis seeks to explain the pathway(s) through which an exposure affects an outcome. Traditional, non-instrumental variable methods for mediation analysis experience a number of methodological difficulties, including bias due to confounding between an exposure, mediator and

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/mendelian-randomisation-mediation-analysis-current-methods-and-challenges-implementation - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 20 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Gerd Altmann We describe a novel Bayesian pathway analysis approach, the algorithm for learning pathway structure (ALPS), which addresses key limitations in existing approaches to complex data analysis. Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/189/12/1610/5868707

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/bayesian-pathway-analysis-complex-interactions - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 21 June 2021 The method extends an established case–control sampling principle: sample the at-risk experience of a cohort study such that the sampled exposure distribution approximates that of the cohort. It is distinct from density sampling in that the sample remains in the form of the at-risk measure, which may be continuous

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/risk-measure-sampling-case-control-studies-aggregated-data - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 22 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Gerd Altmann We recommend careful consideration of 1) the reasons for missingness, 2) whether missingness modifies the existing relationships among observed data, and 3) the scientific context and data source, to inform the choice of the appropriate method(s) for handling partially observed confou

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/common-methods-handling-missing-data-marginal-structural-models-what-works-and-why - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 23 June 2021 As a new tool, we present do-search, a recently developed algorithmic approach that can determine the identifiability of a causal effect. The approach is based on do-calculus, and it can utilize data with nontrivial missing data and selection bias mechanisms. Read the paper at https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fullt

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/do-search-tool-causal-inference-and-study-design-multiple-data-sources - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 24 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / geralt This systematic review demonstrates that regression discontinuity designs have been widely applied in health research and could be used more widely still. Shortcomings in study quality and reporting suggest that the potential benefits of this method have not yet been fully realized. Read th

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/regression-discontinuity-designs-health - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 25 June 2021 Lack of representativeness may distort the associations of alcohol with CVD mortality, and may underestimate health hazards among those with cumulatively the least healthy lifestyles. Read the paper at https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2021/03000/Is_Cohort_Represent…

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/cohort-representativeness-passe-poststratified-associations-lifestyle-risk-factors-mortality-uk - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 26 June 2021 Foto från snd.gu.se Advice regarding the analysis of observational studies of exposure effects usually is against adjustment for factors that occur after the exposure, as they may be caused by the exposure (or mediate the effect of exposure on outcome), so potentially leading to collider stratification bias. Howev

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/adjust-or-not-adjust-when-confounder-only-measured-after-exposure - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 27 June 2021 Mediation analysis, which started in the mid-1980s, is used extensively by applied researchers. Indirect and direct effects are the part of a treatment effect that is mediated by a covariate and the part that is not. Subsequent work on natural indirect and direct effects provides a formal causal interpretation, ba

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/causal-organic-indirect-and-direct-effects-closer-original-approach-mediation-analysis-product - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 28 June 2021 Patient registries are an established methodology in health services research. Since more than 150 years, registries collect information concerning groups of similar patients to answer research questions. Elaborated recommendations about an appropriate development and an efficient operation of registries are avail

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/recent-trends-patient-registries-health-services-research - 2025-05-09

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 29 June 2021 Collaboration and the sharing of knowledge is at the heart of Open Science (OS). However, we need to know that the knowledge we find and share is really what it purports to be; and we need to know that the authors we hope to collaborate with are really the people they claim to be. Read the paper at https://direct.

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/open-science-question-trust - 2025-05-09