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One of the parameter in determining the level of organic contaminant in water is Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Its principle is the determination of the amount of the dissolved oxygen that will be utilized by aerobic microorganisms for degrading the organic matter in the wastewater. There are several approaches in measuring the BOD value, but in this study, we used the classical method, manometr
This thesis aims to produce and characterize endo-xylanases from the glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) to hydrolyze corn arabinoxylan and produce short-chain oligosaccharides. Five new enzymes from family GH5 were tested, CtXyl5A from Clostridium thermocellum and the GpXyl5 from the fungal GH5_34 gave the best results. DNS assay was performed for the determination of the optimal conditions of the
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited immune system disorders caused by pathogenic variants in over 400 genes, collectively affecting an estimated one in 10,000 individuals worldwide. The IDbases collection, maintained on the legacy MUTbase platform at Lund University, represents one of the most comprehensively curated repositories of such variants, catalo
Ibuprofen (IBU), a poorly water-soluble according to Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, presented challenges in oral delivery due to its limited solubility and pH-dependent precipitation. This study investigated the use of lyotropic liquid crystalline phases (LLCPs) as lipid-based delivery systems to enhance IBU solubilization and control its release in vitro digestion. Thr
Lignin is a major renewable carbon source that can be depolymerized into a diverse range of aromatic compounds. Efficient microbial conversion of these lignin-derived compounds (LDCs) is an important step toward sustainable biorefinery processes. In this study, the ability of two Azotobacter vinelandii strains to utilize selected LDCs was investigated through dynamic cultivation experiments. Growt
Global plastic production exceeds 400 million tons annually, with polyolefins accounting for nearly half. Their highly stable hydrocarbon backbone makes them highly resistant to degradation, leading to environmental accumulation and significant contributions to plastic pollution. Conventional recycling methods are insufficient to address these challenges, highlighting the need for more sustainable
The transition towards a sustainable bio-based economy requires efficient conversion of renewable biomass into high-value platform chemicals. One such compound is 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a key precursor for the production of polyethylene furanoate (PEF), a promising alternative to petroleum-derived plastics such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-fur
Wheat straw is known for its complex lignocellulosic structure when it comes to its conversion to biogas using anaerobic digestion (AD). This limitation comes from the restriction of microbial hydrolysis, which results in low methane yields. For this reason, pretreatments have been studied for the purpose of enhancement of biodegradability of straw before proceeding with anaerobic digestion. This
Messenger RNA (mRNA) plays a central role in gene expression by transferring genetic information from DNA to the translational machinery for protein synthesis. Recent advances in RNA therapeutics and synthetic biology have highlighted the importance of untranslated regions (UTRs) and RNA secondary structures in regulating mRNA stability and translational efficiency. In the present study, engineere
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a health condition that forms clots in the body, ranking among the three most common diseases that cause death. Anticoagulants are prescribed as a therapy for three to six months, depending on the patient’s risk factors. However, some incidents of VTE are described as unprovoked, where there is no risk factor. In these cases, it is assumed that there is a genetic pr
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been recognized for their potential to hydrolyse different types of substrates, including plant-based proteins, releasing products of nutritional and biotechnological interest. This thesis investigated three Weissella strains, including AYR-17, AYR-1, and AYO-14, for their ability to grow on different substrates, break down proteins and produce bioactive metabolites
This thesis examines how rape is assessed and valued in Danish court practices concerning compensating rape victims for non-economic damage, and how these assessments can be understood from a socio-legal and feminist perspective. The thesis investigates, what factors are considered significant in the determination of compensation in rape cases, and how these assessments can be understood in relati
While there is a growing academic, regulatory and public focus on the state of nature and biodiversity and how it’s linked to business activities, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) usually fall outside of both the scope and spotlight. Yet, SMEs make up a substantial size of the Norwegian, EU and world economy, and its environmental impact. This thesis seeks to contribute to scaling up SMEs’ acti
The general topic of study is energy-efficient housing and user habits, with a specific focus on plus-energy houses and the impact of airing habits. The central question addressed is how user habits and airing affect the total energy use, depending on the variations in user habits. Previous research on airing and user habits remains limited. In Sweden, the currently recommended extra energy needed
This study explores how start-up entrepreneurs navigate the dual demands of customer validation and investor legitimacy under the liability of newness, and how their initial human capital (IHC) shapes this navigation. Adopting an exploratory, theory-building ambition, the study draws on five qualitative interviews analysed through an abductive approach. Rather than experiencing the two demands as
Splitting refers to cracking in concrete caused by transverse tensile stresses and is typically mitigated through reinforcement of the concrete. In Boverkets handbok om betongkonstruktioner, BBK04 threshold values are provided for when splitting is expected to occur and when splitting reinforcement is required. In 2011, Swedish design practice transitioned to Eurokod 2, in which guidance and desig
This thesis examined how neurodivergence was interpreted and experienced within English-language K-pop fanfiction on Archive of Our Own (AO3), and how these processes were shaped within transnational fandom contexts. Moving beyond approaches that treat representation as a fixed property of media texts, the study adopted a qualitative methodology combining analysis of selected fanfiction works with
Constructing Everyday Life : A Study of Representation, Selection, and Social Ideals in Börje Hanssen’s 1940s Interview Material on the Working Class in Helsingborg During the Industrialization. This study examines how working-class everyday life in Helsingborg is portrayed in Börje Hanssen’s interview material from the 1940s, produced within the project Svensk stad: Liv och stil i svenska städer
The familiar unknown : Swedish travelers' curiosity and the making of knowledge about Edo-period Japan, 1647 - 1793. Due to the isolationist policies of the Tokugawa shogunate that came into place in the 1630s, European travel writings on Japan became more limited and scarcer resulting in an overall lesser understanding of the nation. The purpose of this essay is therefore to showcase how Swed
