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The prevailing assumption that a centrally planned system is inherently prone to chronic shortages and systemic wastefulness, whereas a market-based system ensures a more efficient allocation of resources, underpinned post-Communist economies’ strategic decisions to transition from central planning to market coordination (Kornai 2000; Rose 2001). The transformation process, which became popularly
This chapter examines why extensive rule-of-law and anti-corruption reforms in Central Asia—despite decades of institutional redesign, legal transplantation, and governance reform—have failed to produce meaningful changes in everyday governance practices. Focusing on Uzbekistan as a paradigmatic case, this chapter argues that these reform failures cannot be explained by weak institutions or poor e
This study examined how professional identity (PI) shapes ethical resistance to corruption within Kazakhstan’s higher education sector, addressing the persistent gap between formal anti-corruption reforms and everyday academic practice. Using a mixed-method design, the research demonstrated that PI functions primarily as an internal ethical anchor rather than as a trigger for overt confrontation.
This article examines how Uzbek migrant workers in Russia create and sustain forms of protection, care, and support under conditions of legal precarity, labor exploitation, and limited institutional trust. Drawing on longitudinal multisited ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2014 and 2026 in Moscow and Uzbekistan’s Fergana Valley, it introduces the concept of migrant securities to capture th
The Nordic welfare states have a long history of local-level activation to combat unemployment. This study explored how employers perceive and experience the function of municipal activation and its participants. We carried out interviews with 277 Swedish employers. Most employers did not perceive municipal activation centers as a relevant collaboration, though they widely accepted the idea that a
Over-indebtedness is a societal problem affecting nearly half a million individuals in Sweden, placing them at risk of deteriorating health and well-being. Municipal budget and debt counselling services constitute the only welfare actors that offer preventive support to individuals at risk. Despite this, regulations governing preventive debt counselling in the new Social Services Act remain vague,
Although research highlights significant risks and problems associated with activating persons with high thresholds to enter the labour market, the Swedish government is expanding activation requirements within social assistance. In anticipation of the upcoming benefit reform, there is therefore a need to highlight key lessons from recent research regarding what the activation requirement might me
This paper re-examines Swedish central banking during the interwar period (1924–1939), exploiting major regime shifts to analyze how the Riksbank adapted its core operations. Using monthly money-market data, we show that although interest rate policy broadly followed the ‘rules of the game’ after the return to gold in 1924, the Riksbank’s primary activity—rediscounting commercial bills—was largely
Redovisning är en process som omfattar allt från företagets transaktioner och omständigheter, till den analys och användning av företagets redovisningsinformation som slutligen sker. Redovisning ligger också till grund för en lång rad viktiga beslut. Vi vill med den här boken visa att redovisning är någonting helt fundamentalt i samhället och ett ämne som är både roligt, spännande och viktigt!Boke
Denna övningsbok följer upplägget i faktaboken Redovisning – från bokföring till analys. Övningsboken innehåller ett stort antal övningar med fullständiga lösningsförslag. Lösningarna kompletteras med utförliga kommentarer och förklaringar.Redovisning är en process som omfattar allt från företagets transaktioner och omständigheter, till den analys och användning av företagets redovisningsinformati
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Heart failure (HF) is a common complication of diabetes, associated with a high mortality rate and a substantial healthcare burden. Residual HF risk persists despite achieving current treatment targets, suggesting a role for additional mechanisms beyond conventional risk factors. We sought to prospectively assess HF incidence and independent risk factors in individuals with new-on
PURPOSE: To describe a less invasive laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity, referred to as ridge-adjacent laser treatment (RALT), and its outcome regarding the need for re-treatment.METHODS: This was a retrospective observational review of medical records of all infants treated with RALT as a primary intervention for retinopathy of prematurity between June 2016 and June 2021 at a tertiary c
This study explored the prevalence and risk factors of academic burnout among veterinary nursing students in Ghana. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among students in the veterinary nursing program. Burnout was assessed using a student-adapted 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory Educational Survey (MBI-ES), comprising emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment.
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the complex interplay between national self-interest and global cooperation. Media communication can contribute to the formation of national identity and promote nationalist themes, particularly in times of crisis. Media portrayals of the nation during a pandemic are informative, since nationalism, specifically health nationalism, may undermine the popular appeti
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization's convention, agreement or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, often referred to as the 'pandemic treaty', was established with principles to guide implementation. The treaty's underlying ethic was cosmopolitan in intent, emphasizing equal value of all people with obligations stemming from shared humanity.METH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare past New Zealand immunization strategies with the New Zealand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunization roll-out.METHODS: Using the READ document analysis method, 2 New Zealand immunization strategies (for influenza and measles) were analyzed for how the disease, context, vaccine supply and demand, ethical principles (equity, individual autono
This study examines how young adults respond to local labor market disruptions caused by military base closures in Sweden between 1998 and 2005. The results show substantial differences in responses between men and women, reflecting the sharp gender imbalance in military roles. Affected men increase enrollment in tertiary education, particularly when living in proximity to higher education institu
