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Introduction: Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) catalyses the final rate-limiting step of glycolysis and contributes to cancer metabolism through its ability to shift between different oligomeric states linked to the Warburg effect. Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), including PARP14 and PARP15, mediate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins and are involved in cancer-associated signalling pat
Den statliga järnvägsinfrastrukturen är central för Sveriges transportsystem men är samtidigt resurs- och kostnadskrävande att anlägga och underhålla. Räler är en särskilt betydelsefull komponent eftersom de har lång teknisk livslängd och tillverkas av energikrävande stål. Skillnader i belastning och slitage inom järnvägsnätet innebär att räler som tas ur drift i vissa delar av anläggningen i andrThe state owned railway infrastructure is central to Sweden’s transport system but is at the same time resource and cost intensive to construct and maintain. Rails constitute a particularly significant component, as they have a long technical service life and are manufactured from energy intensive steel. Variations in load and wear across the railway network men that rails taken out of service in
Klimatförändringarna är en av de största samhällsutmaningarna i vår tid och det ställs därför högre av på dagens byggande och materialval. Cirka en femtedel av Sveriges utsläpp kommer från byggbranschen där materialtillverkning och produktionsutsläpp inkluderas. För att minska klimatpåverkan kan strategiska materialval göras för att sänka koldioxidutsläppen. Många gånger görs detta genom att tittaClimate change is one of the biggest societal challenges of our times, which is why high standards are set on today’s building construction and material choices. Around one fifth of the total carbon emissions from Sweden comes from the construction industry where material manufacturing and production are included. Through strategic material choices, could the carbon emissions be reduced. This is o
The artificial intelligence boom has led to demand and growth of datacentres and its associated infrastructure in semi-peripheral markets such as Malaysia which is emerging as a new regional hub in Southeast Asia. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of geopolitical ecology and ecologically unequal exchange, this thesis uses process tracing alongside a social network analysis approach to investigate
The digitalisation of the economy has fundamentally challenged the application of the European Union’s (EU) value added taxation (VAT) law, regarding the classification of transactions involving multiple elements. Digital platforms frequently combine content delivery, payment processing, platform access and intermediation into integrated offerings, making it difficult to determine whether a transa
Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för en betydande del av samhällets klimatpåverkan, vilket har ökat fokus på hållbarhetsfrågor inom samhällsbyggandet. Kommuner har, i egenskap av markägare, en viktig roll genom möjligheten att ställa klimatkrav i markanvisningar. Samtidigt är kunskapen begränsad kring hur dessa krav påverkar exploatörers agerande, särskilt i kommersiella fastighetsprojekt. StudienThe construction and real estate sector contribute significantly to overall climate impacts, which has increased the focus on sustainability in urban development. Municipalities, as landowners, have an important role through their ability to set climate requirements in land allocation processes. At the same time, there is limited knowledge of how these requirements affect developers, especially in
The following thesis examines whether the Danish R&D tax incentives in sections 8 B and 8 X of the Danish Tax Assessment Act qualify as Qualified Tax Incentives (QTIs) under the OECD/G20 Side-by-Side Package and how such classification affects their treatment under Pillar Two. The analysis is based on a doctrinal legal method combined with a functional assessment of the incentives in ligh
Fel, brister och skador på svenska byggnader orsakar uppskattade kostnader på uppemot 111 miljarder kronor årligen. Trots befintliga kvalitetssäkringssystem visar studier återkommande att egenkontroller, det dominerande kontrollverktyget under produktion, inte uppfyller sitt syfte i praktiken. Mot denna bakgrund har användandet av byggkontrollanter på uppdrag av beställaren vuxit fram som ett kompDefects and damage in Swedish buildings result in estimated costs of up to 111 billion SEK annually. Despite existing quality assurance systems, studies consistently show that self-inspection, the predominant control mechanism during construction, fails to fulfil its intended purpose. Against this background, the use of construction inspectors employed by the client has emerged as a complementary
The renovation and adaptive reuse of existing buildings is increasingly recognised as a strategy to address both housing shortage and climate targets in Europe. In Sweden, there is a large potential in converting cold attic spaces in mid-twentieth-century multi-family buildings which offers increased housing capacity without new construction. However, attic retrofits involve complex interactions b
The goal of this thesis was to investigate the path-length dependence of jet suppression for jets propagating through a medium known as the quark–gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is formed in collisions between two lead (Pb) ions, where the overlap region consists of participant nucleons distributed in an approximately elliptical geometry. Simulations of jet quenching in these collisions were performed
Low-temperature vacuum spray drying (VSD) is a potential drying approach for probiotic and live biotherapeutic product (LBP) formulations. This thesis investigated VSD for Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a model probiotic strain, with the aim of identifying a feasible lab-scale operating window and using data-driven analysis to support process understanding. Sucrose–maltodextrin formulati
The screening of foreign direct investment (FDI) has emerged as one of the most contested points of intersection between the interests of national security and the free movement of capital under Article 63 TFEU. Within this evolving regulatory landscape, the Czech FDI Screening Act introduces a residual cate-gory of investments that, while falling outside the scope of mandatory screening, remain s
Few-cycle laser pulses are fundamental for tracking ultrashort motions such as electron dynamics and achieving stronger fields. They are also extensively used to perform high-harmonic generation and in attosecond science. However, generating stable and high quality few-cycle pulses requires a simultaneous control of bandwidth and dispersion. The generation of few-cycle pulses in an efficient manne
Glacier retreat has cascading effects for mountain communities whose livelihoods and cultural- cosmological beliefs are deeply intertwined with glacier-fed ecosystems. Loss and damage research and governance overly emphasize economic framings rendering intangible losses invisible. This thesis adopts a Plural Values approach to surface lived experiences of glacier-related loss and damage in the Uga
Oligonucleotides are short fragments of RNA or DNA that can act as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in medicines used to target a wide range of diseases, with further applications continuously emerging. Solid Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis (SPOS) remains the dominant platform for oligonucleotide production. However, SPOS is characterized by high reagent consumption and a poor sustainabilit
This work studied a metal fluoride transition state analogue (TSA) complex of β-phosphoglucomutase (βPGM), a phosphoryl transfer enzyme catalysing the interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and glucose-1-phosphate (G1P), and its P146A and A136N mutants using advanced NMR spectroscopy methods. Conformational exchange rates of βPGM:MgF3–:G6P TSA complex were extracted at a grid of temperatures
Detta examensarbete tillämpar en kvalitativ fallstudieansats för att utforska hur digitalisering omformar modeindustrins värdekedjor – en bransch präglad av globalt fördelad produktion, korta produktlivscykler och växande hållbarhetskrav. Ett analytiskt ramverk utvecklas genom att integrera Porters värdekedjeperspektiv, Fords typstrategier för teknologi, Rayport och Jaworskis perspektiv på kundgrä
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are becoming an important regulatory and tech-nical concern for the pharmaceutical industry due to their high environmental persistence, po-tential health risks, broad use across many industrial production fields and growing pressure for their regulation in consumer products. The pharmaceutical industry is particularly at risk for PFAS, due to their stric
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are complex biological products that present specific scientific and regulatory challenges during clinical development. This thesis aimed to analyse consolidated Part I considerations raised during assessment of investigational ATMP clinical trial applications (CTAs) under the Clinical Trials Regulation (CTR) to identify recurring scientific and regulato
