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Purpose. Continuous minor steps of improvement in the management of breast cancer have resulted in decreased mortality rates during the last decades. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of patients with stage I breast cancer diagnosed during two time periods that differed with respect to adjuvant systemic therapy. Material and methods. The studied population consisted of all
Cyclin E and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) are both important regulators of the G1 phase in the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin E and lost expression of Rb has previously been observed in breast tumours at frequencies of 10-50% and 20-30%, respectively. We explored the prognostic role of cyclin E and Rb in breast cancer patients randomised for tamoxifen (TAM), CMF (cyclophosphamide, metotre
In situ synthesis of oestrogens is of great importance in the development and progression of breast cancer. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) type 2 catalyses oxidation from oestradiol to oestrone, and thereby protects the breast epithelial cells from oestradiol. Low expression of 17HSD type 2 has been associated with decreased survival in breast cancer, but no studies have investigated the
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 interact with Rad51, one of the central components in the homologous recombination repair pathway. This study evaluates the prognostic and predictive role of BRCA1, BRCA2 and Rad51, individually and as a complex, in breast cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of BRCA1, BRCA2 and Rad51 was investigated using immunohi
Female-producing parthenogenesis is widespread in stick insects. It ranges from rare in sexual species to facultative or obligate, the latter sometimes in hybrids. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its origins, mechanisms, and evolutionary consequences, highlighting the distinction between hybrid and intra-specific origins. Hybrid-derived parthenogens are rare, obligate, frequently poly
Recent studies show how patterns and trends in social mobility look substantially different when both parents are considered rather than one. Using Swedish census and register data covering cohorts born 1865–1985 and their parents, I describe social mobility among both male-breadwinner and dual-earner family types, each reflecting a work-life context common globally today. This rich longitudinal d
Purpose: To investigate the expression and predictive role of the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex and the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) for the outcome of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Methods and Materials: The protein expression of ATM and the DNA repair proteins in the MRN complex were investigated using immunohistochemistry in tumors from 224 women with early breast canc
Background: Adjuvant therapy of breast cancer patients reduces the risk of recurrence and mortality, although, a substantial proportion of patients acquire resistance and relapse in the disease. Predictors of therapeutic response are therefore important to avoid both therapy resistance and the side effects of inefficient regimes. The p53 protein is a key determinant to induce either growth arrest
Understanding the synergistic impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff and sediment dynamics is crucial for sustainable watershed management in the Yellow River Basin. This study examined hydrological variations in the Helong section of the Chinese Loess Plateau from 1980 to 2020. The Mann?Kendall and Pettitt tests were used to detect trends and abrupt changes in precipitation, run
Pandemics are a recurring phenomenon that, in addition to their devastating effects on human life and health, have profound economic, social, and political consequences, affecting national and international security. The framing and subsequent management of pandemics by different state actors is therefore an important research topic. Securitization theory has for the past three decades been a cent
Kort betraktelse om tryckkonstens betydelse för vår kännedom om Lundakarnevalens äldre historia.
In 2025, the Swedish Film Institute announced that it would minimise the funding of films deemed “international” to safeguard “Swedish” perspectives. Triggered by the success of a series of Swedish co-productions shot elsewhere, in other languages, by filmmakers of mixed or diasporic background, said shift in film policy is symptomatic of a wider Nationalist turn in Swedish politics, and the cultu
Sverige bör behandla den iranska regimen som en stående säkerhetsprioritet, och agera inom EU och Nato för att upprätthålla det politiska trycket mot Iran. Det skriver debattörer från Iran Prosperity Project.Sweden should treat the Iranian regime as a standing security priority, and act within the EU and NATO to maintain political pressure on Iran. That is what debaters from the Iran Prosperity Project write.
This paper presents a lightweight architecture for AI-driven tutoring in extended reality (XR) environments, integrating OpenAI's GPT-4o real-time API directly into Unitybased virtual reality (VR) to enable seamless voice-native interaction without external speech modules. Designed for taskbased learning, the tutor provides immediate, context-sensitive verbal feedback with adaptive brevity and low
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a well-recognized risk state for developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Optimal risk stratification for early interventions and clinical trial selection remains challenging. This study evaluates progression risk across multimodal biomarker profiles in SCD.METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal observational study incl
Intense agricultural activity in recent years has resulted in a greater use of pesticides in order to improve productivity. However, these pesticides may contain some pollutant component in their composition. Once present in the environment and/or in excess, they can cause damage to the local flora and fauna. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interference of pesticides in the reproductive
This European Policy Analysis examines recent developments within the Council of Europe concerning a proposed political declaration by its Committee of Ministers on the European Court of Human Rights’ approach to migration-related issues. These developments follow an Open Letter in May 2025 and a subsequent Joint Statement by a group of member states expressing concerns about the Court’s case-law
Historiedidaktik handlar om människors möten med historia. De flesta kommer i kontakt med historia under sin skolgång, men också på en mängd olika arenor i samhället: i politik, medier, digitala forum, musik, datorspel, filmer och tv-serier såväl som på museer och i arkiv.Denna bok speglar spännvidden mellan de olika sätt historien kommer till uttryck på. I ett grundläggande kapitel redogörs för d
En introduktion av centrala teman för historiedidaktik i skola och samhälle samt en presentation av bidragen i antologin.
