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This thesis examines why road transport was initially excluded from the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and what factors contributed to its later inclusion in the EU ETS 2. This thesis will examine how environmental, economic, and political factors contributed to the shift in policy through the lens of the theories of liberal Intergovernmentalism (LI) and neofunctionalism. The research uses a
Vilken makt har harmonik över publikens upplevelse av en musikallåt? Kan kontrast mellan harmonik och text fungera som ett effektivt medel för att nå fram till mina känslor som mottagare? Syftet med detta arbete är att få en bättre förståelse för vilken harmonik kompositörer väljer i vilket dramatiskt ögonblick och hur den påverkar mig som lyssnare. Detta görs genom harmonisk och textmässig analysWhat power does harmony have over the audience's experience of a musical theater song? Can the contrast between harmony and lyrics serve as an effective means to reach my emotions as a listener? The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of what harmonic choices composers make in different dramatic moments and how these choices affect me as a listener. This is done through har
Klimatförändringarna medför att svenska byggnader i allt högre grad utsätts för värmeböljor och höga inomhustemperaturer under sommaren. Det ökade behovet av kylning, särskilt i välisolerade och energieffektiva byggnader, har lett till att alternativa lösningar för kyla under varmare perioder börjat att efterfrågas. En relativt ny metod som väckt intresse i Sverige är golvkyla. Tekniken använder sClimate change has led to increasing indoor overheating risks in Swedish buildings, prompting demand for efficient cooling solutions. Floor cooling, i.e. using the same hydronic system as underfloor heating to circulate chilled water, is gaining attention as an energy-efficient and easily integrated method. However, its long-term effects, particularly in wooden floor structures, remain unclear. Mo
As the demand for sustainable and efficient energy systems continues to grow, integrated energy solutions have sparked interest in materials that combine multiple functionalities within a single structure. Rather than serving a single purpose, such materials could store energy, catalyse chemical reactions, and even exhibit optical changes, enabling novel applications in smart devices and material
Trender i ungas politiska engagemang är omtvistade, då förändringar sker i vilka frågor de är intresserade av, och i vilken grad de engagerar sig politiskt, samtidigt som ungas materiella verklighet präglas av en tilltagande osäkerhet och ökade krav på resurser. Denna studie ämnar förstå hur unga i Sverige förhåller sig till politik och framtid genom tolkningar av ungas upplevelser av politikens m
Mot bakgrund av Finlands antagande av Lagen om temporära åtgärder för att bekämpa instrumentaliserad migration (2024), syftar denna uppsats till att undersöka hur säkerhetisering-relaterat språk kan användas för att legitimera lagen inom den finska politiska diskursen. Lagen presenterades som ett svar på Rysslands påstådda användning av migranter som ett verktyg i hybridpåverkan mot Finland. När mFinland’s adoption of the Act on Temporary Measures to Combat Instrumentalized Migration (2024:482) provides the background of this investigation. The legislation was introduced as a response to Russia’s alleged use of migrants as a tool of hybrid influence against Finland. When migration is reframed as a form of warfare, it risks reshaping both legislation and perceptions of asylum rights. How po
This thesis examines how the ruling party in Hungary, Fidesz, under the leadership of Viktor Orbán, uses anti-gender rhetoric as a political tool to amplify eurosceptic opinions in Hungarian society. Through an ideational analysis of six political speeches delivered by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, between 2021 and 2025, the study explores how Orbán constructs and propagates specific reality judgem
Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda när en praktikant är att betrakta som arbetstagare vid tillämpning av kollektivavtal, nationell arbetsrättslig lag samt EU-lagstiftning, samt att utreda hur förslagen till praktikantdirektiv vid ett anta-gande skulle kunna inverka på bedömningen av om en praktikant är arbetsta-gare. I uppsatsen har rättsdogmatisk metod använts. Arbetsdomstolen har vid flera tillThe aim of the thesis is to determine when a trainee is to be regarded as a worker for the purposes of collective agreements and Swedish national labour law, and as a worker under EU legislation, as well as to examine how the proposed directives on traineeships, if adopted, could affect the assessment of whether a trainee is an employee. The thesis uses a legal-dogmatic method. The Swedish Labour
This thesis examines living conditions in Malmö during the 19th-century through the prevalence of stress related changes in an osteological material, in combination with historical archives. With a structural violence framework, the research aims to study health, nutrition, trauma and workload in individuals from the lowest socioeconomic group, soldiers and prisoners. An osteological analysis has
Climate and environmental policy have long been a part of the European Union’s projected priorities in international relations. Despite multiple crises which have hampered ambitious policy development, climate diplomacy has continued to be an important part of the EU’s identity. Once again, the EU faces multiple challenges that have affected the projection of environmental ambition and the policy
In this thesis we investigate the possibility of delineating basal cell carcinoma using photoacoustic imaging and patient-specific neural networks. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer in lighter-skinned individuals and the current methods for determining the extent of the tumor are invasive and time-consuming. Photoacoustic imaging allows for detailed subsurface imaging at multi
This thesis explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to convert natural language questions into SQL (Structured Query Language) queries within the field of sports analytics, with a focus on a real-world use case for Spiideo, a provider of cloud-based video analysis tools. The study compares different system designs, including single-agent and multi-agent setups, various prompting strategie
This thesis examines how Sweden’s new development policy, Development for a New Era, reconfigures the agency of its civil society organizations (CSOs). The policy marks a major shiftin Sweden’s foreign aid landscape, moving from a human rights– and needs-based approach to one driven by strategic, trade, and migration interests. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of interviews with CSO staff and med
In recent years, the European Union (EU) has increased its external engagement in originally internal policy areas. Despite its growing importance for European integration, there remains a lack of scholarly attention to this trend. Focusing on energy, the following research question is asked: How and why has the EU increased its external engagement in energy policy between 2009–2022? To answer thi
Den här uppsatsen undersöker de konstitutionella begränsningarna som gäller för EU-rättens genomslag i svensk rätt med särskilt fokus på 10 kap. 6 § RF och svenska domstolars möjlighet att utöva konstitutionella kontroll av EU rätten. Frågan är i huvudsak outforskad i svensk rätt, men har utvecklats i flera andra EU-medlemsstater. Syftet är att undersöka hur en sådan kontroll rättsligt kan tolThis thesis examines the constitutional limitations governing the domestic effect of EU law in Sweden, with particular emphasis on Chapter 10, Section 6 of the Instrument of Government and the ability of Swedish courts to exercise constitutional review of EU law. While this issue has received little attention Swedish legal discourse, it has been more extensively developed in several other EU
This bachelor's thesis examines how the Swedish low-price company Lager 157 communicates feminist and sustainability-related messages through a campaign launched in connection with the International Women's Day 2025. The campaign offered T-shirts for eight SEK to celebrate women, which sparked strong criticism in the media. The aim of the study is to analyze how the company performs its br
In the face of climate change, environmental migration has become a pressing issue, particularly for countries like Mexico, which are highly vulnerable to climate-related risks and have a long-standing history of structural inequality. Although the environmental drivers of migration have been widely acknowledged, the institutional capacity to address the challenges that accompany them remains unde
This thesis investigates the strategic use of fear speech, political communication designed to evoke fear by presenting threats, by Swedish political parties and lead candidates during the 2024 European Parliament election campaign on Facebook. Departing from audience-focused studies, the analysis centres on political actors’ intent, examining who employs fear speech, how frequently, and on which
Queer housing collectives in Sweden are places of living that are generally designed to encompass shared values regarding community building and notions of care and support through providing a safe space. Through semi-structured interviews and queer theory, this study analyzes what queerness produces in those collectives through subtle everyday embodiments of queerness by its residents. It highlig
This paper examines how the role of Systembolaget, Sweden’s state wine monopoly has evolved in relation to market dynamics, public health objectives, and consumer preferences. Using a combination of survey data and an analysis of retail statistics, the study examines how different sales channels – Systembolaget, online retailers, and farm sales – are perceived by consumers. This is done through th
