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This paper investigates the possible presence of long-run relationships (cointegration) among base metals and between base metals, Crude oil and Gold, using the Johansen multivariate approach and VEC Engle-Granger causality tests. The commodities used are seven base metals: Aluminum, Aluminum Alloy, Copper, Nickel, Zink, and Tin (from the London Metal Exchange), Crude oil and Gold. The Johansen ap
In this paper the characterisation and portrayal of northern europeans in Roman late Republican and Imperial literature is examined. It looks specifically at the employment by Roman authors of animal comparisons and analogies as part of this characterisation and explores the reasons for which they are used, including the choice of vocabulary and imagery. This also involves a broader examination of
To use newsletters as a corporate communication mean is easy: once penned they are quickly distributed to an arbitrarily large group of recipients with the main purpose to inform. On the basis of a case study with a global IT company the question is answered whether newsletters could be used as a communication channel and convey management's message organisational issues, to the employees in a
