In vitro antibody responses to a synthetic immunogen, consisting of both a B cell [V3 loop of gp120 from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)] and a T-helper epitope (15 amino acids of tetanus toxoid) was studied. The in vitro activation was performed by primary and secondary in vitro immunizations, using lymphocytes obtained from uninfected, seronegative donors. Analysis of the in vitro im

The display of antibody fragments on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages and the selection of binders from antibody libraries have provided powerful tools to generate human antibodies. We reported recently a new concept (SAP system) for the selection of specific phages by linking antigenic recognition and phage replication, using a soluble fusion protein containing the antigen and a fragment

A novel fusion assay was established to determine fusion activity with cocultivated human foreskin fibroblasts of stable transfectants derived from human astrocytoma cells (U373) expressing authentic or mutagenized human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (HCMV gB; gpUL55). Compared to transfectants expressing authentic HCMV gB, those expressing gB forms with a deletion of hydrophobic domain 1 (hd1; a

A small subpopulation of CD4+ T cells found in peripheral blood coexpresses the CD57+ marker normally found on, e.g., NK cells. It is known that this population occurs in a higher frequency in certain diseases. The same antigen has also been shown to be expressed on CD4+ T cells derived from germinal centers. The localization of this cell population to specialized lymphoid structures suggests that

With the attempts to increase power, efficiency and thrust, modern gas turbines operate with combustor outlet temperatures of 1800-2000 K, which are far beyond the allowable metal temperatures. Turbine blades are exposed to these high temperature gases and may undergo severe thermal stress and fatigue. Thus, in order to develop optimal cooling strategies and reduce the heat transfer it is importan

Popular Abstract in Swedish Joniserande strålning- en introduktion (Ionizing radiation- Introduction in Swedish) 13.1 Storheter och enheter Effekten av strålningen från ett radioaktivt ämne eller röntgenapparat kallas stråldosen, eller egentligen den effektiva dosen , och anges i enheten sievert (Sv). Aktiviteten av ett radioaktivt ämne anges i enheten becquerel (Bq) och anger antal sönderfallanIn this thesis quantitative analyses of radionuclide concentrations in bioenergy fuels such as peat, wood chips and straw are presented. For comparison a brief description is included of radionuclide concentrations and radiation doses from other sources of power and also from some industrial applications. Radiation is a natural phenomenon and radionuclides occur naturally. The first man-made spre