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Bacteriophages vB_YpeM_fEV-1 (fEV-1) and vB_YpeM_fD1 (fD1) were isolated from incoming sewage water samples in Turku, Finland, using Yersinia pestis strains EV76 and KIM D27 as enrichment hosts, respectively. Genomic analysis and transmission electron microscopy established that fEV-1 is a novel type of dwarf myovirus, while fD1 is a T4-like myovirus. The genome sizes are 38 and 167 kb, respective
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major bacterial pathogen in the human population and isolates of the clinically important M1 serotype secrete protein Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) known to interfere with human innate immunity. Here we find that SIC from M1 bacteria interacts with TLR2 and CD14 on monocytes leading to the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways and the release of se
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques were used to study the kinetics of gas-phase reactions of three lactones, γ-valerolactone (GVL), 2(5H)-furanone (2(5HF) and 3-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (3M2(5H)F) with Cl atoms, OH radicals and O3 respectively. The experiments were performed in a photochemical reactor at a total pressure of 700 Torr at room temperature (298±2 K). Both relative rate an
Context. Effective temperature is one of the fundamental stellar parameters. A traditional spectroscopic way to determine it is from optical spectra using excitation balance of Fe-lines. With technological advances and the advent of the next generation telescopes there will be an emphasis on the relatively unexplored near-IR (NIR) wavelength region (1-5 μm). A method to determine the effective tem
This research seeks to find how the Spanish society perceives Personal Income Tax compliance. By following the Slippery Slope Framework developed by Kirchler (2008) the study aims at measuring perceived trust and power of Spanish authorities. Higher levels of trust in authorities and power of authorities are proportional to raised levels of tax compliance. Estimating respondent´s perceptions as to
