Primary and backup paths in MPLS fast reroute (FRR) may be established as shortest paths according to the administrative link costs of the IP control plane, or as explicitly calculated arbitrary paths. In both cases, the path layout can be optimized so that the maximum link utilization for a specific traffic matrix and for a set of considered failure scenarios is minimized. In this paper, we propo

Exosomes and microvesicles, collectively referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs), can transfer complex biological information and induce a diverse signalling response in recipient cells with potential relevance in a wide array of pathological conditions. Tissue hypoxia constitutes a stress-associated phenotype that is central to the malignant state of aggressive tumours as well as to ischaemic

Pools of frozen biopsies from patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=29) actinic keratosis (AK) (n=31), keratoacanthoma (n=91) and swab samples from 84 SCCs and 91 AKs were analysed with an extended HPV general primer PCR and high-throughput sequencing of amplimers. We found 273 different HPV isolates (87 known HPV types, 139 previously known HPV sequences (putative types) and 47 sequences

Chronic cluster headache (CCH) often resists to prophylactic pharmaceutical treatments resulting in patients' life damage. In this rare but pragmatic situation escalation to invasive management is needed but framing criteria are lacking. We aimed to reach a consensus for refractory CCH definition for clinical and research use. The preparation of the final consensus followed three stages. Internal

Throughout the Western world, response rates are falling in population surveys. The aim of the study was to explore for the presence of non-response bias in two Swedish research projects on HIV ['HIV in Sweden' (HIS11)] and sexuality ['Sex and health' (UngKAB09)].

Various phosphatidylethanol (PEth) derivatives, the corresponding reversed positional isomers (RPI-PEths), lyso-PEth-16:0, and penta-deuterium-labeled PEth analogs (d5-PEths), were synthesized by enzyme-independent synthetic routes. A general solvent system consisting of a mixture of acetone-d6 and methanol-d4 (97:3; v/v) was found to provide a good solubilizing capacity and excellent hydrogen-1 N

Little is known about the association between neighborhood linking social capital and psychiatric medication in the elderly. The present study analyzes whether there is an association between linking social capital (a theoretical concept describing the amount of trust between individuals and societal institutions) and prescription of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics/sedatives, antidepressant

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze changes in the descriptions and requirements of professional communicators in Swedish job advertisements between 1960 and 2010. Design/methodology/approach – Through a quantitative content analysis, this study approaches organizational requirement information in order to better understand changes in the description of the ideal candida

Vasoconstrictive endothelin type B (ETB) receptors promote vasospasm and ischemic cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to examine if low density lipoprotein (LDL) induces upregulation of vasoconstrictive ETB receptor expression and if extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways are involved

Vertebral fracture risk is a heritable complex trait. The aim of this study was to identify genetic susceptibility factors for osteoporotic vertebral fracture applying a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. The GWAS discovery was based on the Rotterdam Study, a population-based study of elderly Dutch individuals aged >55 years; and comprising 329 cases and 2666 controls with radiographic

The overwhelming majority of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) fall into two clearly defined classes characterized by distinctive secondary structures and sequence motifs. A small group of diverse ncRNAs, however, shares the hallmarks of one or both classes of snoRNAs but differs substantially from the norm in some respects. Here, we compile the available information on these exceptional cases, condu

We present here an innovative, fluorescent, monoolein-based cubosome dispersion. Rather than embedded within the monoolein palisade, the fluorescent imaging agent, namely dansyl, was conjugated to the terminal ethylene oxide moieties of the block copolymer Pluronic F108. We discuss the physicochemical and photophysical properties of this fluorescent Pluronic and of a cubosome formulation stabilize

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-beta (A beta)(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau have good diagnostic accuracy for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in multi-center studies, the predictive values of the CSF biomarkers have been lower, possibly due to differences in procedures for lumbar puncture and CSF handling and storage, and to differences in patient populations, cl

To define disease activity levels, minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) with the primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) disease activity indexes: European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) SS disease activity index (ESSDAI) and EULAR SS patient-reported index (ESSPRI).

To determine the prevalence of various types of viruses in infants hospitalised due to respiratory distress, compare molecular diagnostic tests and evaluate symptom severity METHODS: All 136 nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants hospitalised for respiratory distress over a nine-month period were analysed for virus type by in-house respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) m

To compare the antibodies, SP6 and MIB1, for assessment of Ki67 in primary breast cancer, regarding prognostic value and reproducibility.

Vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC) therapy may heal wounds faster than conventional dressings after surgical debridement of perivascular groin infections after vascular surgery.