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Nämndemän är juridiskt oskolade lekmannadomare som förekommer i både allmänna domstolar och förvaltningsdomstolar, tillsammans med en eller flera lagfarna juristdomare. Förekomsten av lekmannadomare i de svenska domstolarna har en lång och föränderlig historia bakom sig. Till en början fungerade nämndemännen huvudsakligen som bevismedel. Idag utgör de en bestående del av rättsväsendet och dess rätJurymen are legally uneducated laymen judges who participate in legal disputes in both the general courts and the administrative courts, together with one or several legally educated judges. The existence of laymen judges in the Swedish courts have a long and shifting tradition. At first, they were used as evidence during the Middle Ages. Today, the jurymen are permanent members of the court as a

Den fria bevisprövningen, innehållande dels den fria bevisföringen, dels den fria bevisvärderingen, är en grundprincip inom den svenska processrätten. Med tiden har utvecklingen gått mot allt fler inskränkningar i principen om den fria bevisföringen. Utvecklingen kan bidra till att vi kan fråga oss huruvida vi ska börja prata om en begränsad bevisföring istället för en fri sådan. Syftet med uppsaA fundamental principle in Swedish procedural law is that both the submitting of evidence by the parties before the court and the evaluation of the evidence by the court, should be free in the sense that it is not regulated by law. With time the tendency has gone towards more restrictions of the principle that the submitting of evidence should be free. The tendency can contribute to the question o

Uppsatsen behandlar ett folks självbestämmanderätt samt möjligheten till utträde i en demokratisk kontext. Den redogör i synnerhet för situationen mellan Québec och Canada. För att uppnå syftet utgår uppsatsen från frågeställningar angående (1) relationen mellan Québec och Canada i ett historiskt samt nutida perspektiv, (2) innebörden av rätten till självbestämmande inom folkrätten, (3) möjligheteThis thesis examines the right of a people to self-determination and the possibility of secession in a democratic context, focusing on the Québec-Canada case. To that end, it studies (1) the historic and contemporary relationship between Québec and Canada, (2) the meaning of the right to self-determination within international law, (3) possibilities for unilateral secession, and (4) secession by v

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between economic variables and sovereign risk premiums in the eurozone between the years 1988 and 2013. By using a Markov regime switching model it is possible to prove a nonlinear relationship. The result supports previous research, arguing that the market is observing economic variables to a larger degree during periods of financial i

The scope and objective of this work was to evaluate and determine fire properties for a material that will be used for radiation shielding at the research centre. Traditionally two materials, borated paraffin and borated polyethylene, are used for radiation shielding at neutron-based research laboratories. Since base paraffin and base polyethylene are known as combustible materials with a high en

Antti Keksi (c:a 1622–1705), som levde i Övertorneås Torakankorva, anses vara den förste till namnet kände finske allmogeskalden. Hans Kvädet över vårfloden i Torneälven år 1677 har traderats till eftervärlden i fyra uppteckningar: den som gjordes för Giuseppe Acerbi under hans besök i Övertorneå 1799 (ACERBI), den som har hört till Henrik Gabriel Porthan (1739–1804) i Åbo (PORTHAN) och den som hö

Nuclear power has significantly improved performance over the last thirty years. This improvement has been based on a philosophy of control. That is, for each issue that must be managed to achieve safe performance, a pre-determined barrier must be established. In addition to the barriers that were designed into the plant, a large range of programs, processes and procedures have been developed to d

Can a more universal human rights protection be achieved through the concept of common heritage of mankind? Knowing that this concept is previously only known by its use with regard to the deep sea-bed or by the attempt the international community made for the application with reference to the moon and other celestial bodies, it might be hard to grasp that this unconventional theory can be applied

In 2000, the African Growth and Opportunity Act was signed into law in the United States, and is at present set to last until 2015. The act aimed at helping the Sub-Saharan African countries develop “through trade, not aid”. This essay studies the effect of the act on diversification of goods exported from these African countries to the United States. By analysing trade data for the period 1997-20

Abstract Rivers deliver substantial amounts of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to estuaries, but the effects of these inputs on the ecosystem depend on the degree to which the nutrients are bioavailable. The nutrient bioavailability is poorly known in northern regions of Scandinavia where most of the nutrients are organic. To simplify the measurements of nutrient bioavailability and

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Inom vissa delar av den kemiska industrin, exempelvis läkemedelsindustrin, är det viktigt att kunna de-signa och skräddarsy organiska molekyler så att de har precis den strukturen man eftersträvar. Till sin hjälp finns det en mängd olika organiska reaktioner som kan användas för att koppla ihop och bygga molekyler på olika sätt. En molekyl med en optimerad struktPincer complexes, bicyclic complexes between a tridentate pincer ligand and a transition metal center, have been known since the 1970s and possesses a lot of advantages. They have various applications, but they are mainly used as catalysts at this point. Their desirable catalytic properties can be explained by the rigid bicyclic structure and that the σ-bond between the transition metal and the an

Popular science summary Salinity has been identified as an important factor in governing both growth and distribution of phytoplankton in marine and brackish ecosystems. In my thesis work I investigated the salinity tolerance and growth rate of the cold-water dinoflagellate Scrippsiella aff. hangoei from an Antarctic population. The work was carried out at the Department of Biology at Lund Univer

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Oxidativa modifieringar av S100A9 S100A9 är ett protein i kroppen som får en förändrad struktur och funktion när det reagerar med syre. De strukturella förändringarna kallas oxidativa modiferingar. För att förstå processen skulle man kunna jämföra S100A9 med järn. När järn kommer i kontakt med syre får det en rödaktig färg och strukturen går från att vara stark tThe aim of this project was to examine how S100A9 binding to target molecules was affected by structural modifications with oxidizing agent in vitro. S100A9 was cultivated, purified and oxidative modifications were induced. The oxidative modifications where characterized with tryptohan fluorescence, Surface Plasmon Resonance technique (SPR) and MALDITOF-MS. To get access to protein to study recomb

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: De skånska bokskogarna. Vad kan krypen säga? Det är mycket som påverkar våra skogar i dag. Vägar som delar upp dem i mindre delar och lantbruk och kvävenedfall som stör balansen för vad som ska växa i skogens utkanter med sin gödsling. Även trafiken påverkar genom att kväveoxiderna i avgaserna har en gödande effekt. Skogens hälsa påverkas självklart av detta, Abstract Deforestation, fragmentation and loss of biodiversity, all are elements that are common today. With this project I want to evaluate if there is a difference in functional diversity of evertebrates between beech stands of low herb and shrub type beech forest. I also want to test if there is a difference within tested areas between low herb and shrub type forests, but also if here is a dif

An experimental study was performed, aimed at finding a way to produce single crystalline powder of pure (Fe0.7Co0.3)2B with a particle size of 100-200nm. This was done with the ultimate goal of producing a hard magnetic ferrite powder for powder metallurgical production of permanent magnets. For this study, eight different compositions of iron, cobalt and boron were atomized using atomization by

Popular science summary: The Battle Against Cancer Daily, people are diagnosed with cancer, a disease that brings suffering and despair. I'm sure you have heard about chemotherapy and radiation as a way of trying to treat cancer, but it is equally important to find an effective method to quickly and reliably detect a tumor at an early stage, before it is too late. In my master's thesis,

Africa stands on the doorstep of a global information revolution that presents a range of opportu-nities. ICT has enormous potential to contribute to the development of Africa, both on an indi-vidual and societal level. The purpose of this study is to examine what effect increased ICT use has on secondary school students in Mutomo, Kenya. Furthermore the study presents a mapping of the secondary s